一八三一和一八三二，紧接着七月革命的这两年，是历史上的一个最特殊和最惊人的时期。
1831 and 1832, the two years which are immediately connected with the Revolution of July, form one of the most peculiar and striking moments of history.
这两年，象两个山头似的出现在这以前的几年和这以后的几年之间。
它们具有革命的伟大意义。人们在这期间能看到许多危崖陡壁。
These two years rise like two mountains midway between those which precede and those which follow them. They have a revolutionary grandeur. Precipices are to be distinguished there.
The social masses, the very assizes of civilization, the solid group of superposed and adhering interests, the century-old profiles of the ancient French formation, appear and disappear in them every instant, athwart the storm clouds of systems, of passions, and of theories.
在这期间，各种社会的群众，文明的基础，种种因上下关连和互相依附的利益而形成的坚强组合，法兰西古旧社会的苍老面貌，都随时忽现忽隐在多种制度、狂热和理论的风云激荡中。
These appearances and disappearances have been designated as movement and resistance.
这种显现和隐灭曾被称为抵抗和运动。
At intervals, truth, that daylight of the human soul, can be descried shining there.
人们在其中能望见真理棗人类灵魂的光棗放射光芒。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:24
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This remarkable epoch is decidedly circumscribed and is beginning to be sufficiently distant
这个令人瞩目的时期相当短暂，已开始离我们相当远了，趁早回顾一下，却还能抓住它的主要线索。
from us to allow of our grasping the principal lines even at the present day.
We shall make the attempt. 让我们来试试。
王朝复辟是那种难于下定义的中间局面里的一种；这里有疲乏、窃窃的议论、悄悄的耳语、沉睡、喧扰，
这些都只说明一个伟大的民族刚赶完了一段路程。 The Restoration had been one of those intermediate phases, hard to define, in which there is fatigue, buzzing, murmurs, sleep, tumult, and which are nothing else than the arrival of a great nation at a halting-place.
那样的时代是奇特的，常使那些想从中牟利的政治家们发生错觉。
These epochs are peculiar and mislead the politicians who desire to convert them to profit.
In the beginning, the nation asks nothing but repose; 起初，国人只要求休息！
人们只有一种渴望：和平，也只有一个野心：蜷缩起来。
it thirsts for but one thing, peace; it has but one ambition to be small.
换句话说，便是要过安静日子。 Which is the translation of remaining tranquil.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:24
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大事业，大机会，大风险，大人物，谢天谢地，全都见够了，再也接受不下去了。
Of great events, great hazards, great adventures, great men, thank God, we have seen enough,
we have them heaped higher than our heads.
人们宁肯为了普吕西亚斯①而舍弃恺撒，宁肯为伊弗佗王②而舍弃拿破仑。
We would exchange Caesar for Prusias, and Napoleon for the King of Yvetot.
人们从天明走起，辛辛苦苦，长途跋涉了一整天，直走到天黑；
We have marched since daybreak, we have reached the evening of a long and toilsome day;
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:24
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we have made our first change with Mirabeau, the second with Robespierre, the third with Bonaparte;
跟着米拉波赶了第一程，跟着罗伯斯庇尔赶了第二程，跟着波拿巴赶了第三程；
we are worn out. 大家全精疲力竭了。
人人都希望有一张床。 Each one demands a bed.
疲敝的忠诚，衰退了的英雄主义，Devotion which is weary, heroism which has grown old,
满足了的野心，既得的利益，都在寻找、索取、恳请、央求什么呢？
ambitions which are sated, fortunes which are made, seek, demand, implore, solicit, what?
一个安乐窝。安乐窝，它们到手了。它们获得了安宁、平静、闲逸，心满意足了。
A shelter. They have it. They take possession of peace, of tranquillity,
of leisure; behold, they are content.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:24
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可是与此同时，某些既成事实又冒出了头，要求人们承认，并敲着它们旁边的门。这些事实是从革命和战争中产生的，是活生生存在着的，它们理应定居于社会，并且已定居在社会中了，而这些事实又通常是为种种主义准备住处的军需官和勤务兵。
But, at the same time certain facts arise, compel recognition, and knock at the door in their turn. These facts are the products of revolutions and wars, they are, they exist, they have the right to install themselves in society, and they do install themselves therein; and most of the time, facts are the stewards of the household and fouriers[32] who do nothing but prepare lodgings for principles
[32] In olden times, fouriers were the officials who preceded the Court and allotted the lodgings.
This, then, is what appears to philosophical politicians:--
因而在政治哲学家们面前出现了这样的情况：
在疲乏了的人们要求休息的同时，既成事实也要求保证。
At the same time that weary men demand repose, accomplished facts demand guarantees. Guarantees are the same to facts that repose is to men.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:24
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This is what England demanded of the Stuarts after the Protector; this is what France demanded of the Bourbons after the Empire. 保证对于事实，正如休息对于人，是同一回事。
英国在护国公以后向斯图亚特家族提出的要求是这个；
法国在帝国以后向波旁家族提出的要求也是这个。保证是时代的需要。是非给不可的。亲王们“赐予”保证，而实际给保证的却是事实自身的力量。
These guarantees are a necessity of the times. They must be accorded. Princes "grant" them, but in reality, it is the force of things which gives them.
这是一条值得认识的深刻的真理，斯图亚特家族在一六六二年对此不曾怀疑，A profound truth, and one useful
波旁家族在一八一四年却瞅也不屑瞅一眼。to know, which the Stuarts did not suspect in 1662 and which the Bourbons did not even obtain a glimpse of in 1814.
The predestined family, which returned to France when Napoleon fell, 随着拿破仑垮台而回到法国的那个事先选定了的家族，头脑简单到不可救药，它认为一切都是由它给的，给过以后，并且可以由它收回； had the fatal simplicity to believe that it was itself which bestowed, and that what it had bestowed it could take back again;
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:25
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that the House of Bourbon possessed the right divine, that France possessed nothing, and that the political right conceded in the charter of Louis XVIII was merely a branch of the right divine, was detached by the Houseof Bourbon and graciously given to the people until such day as it should please the King to reassume it. 它还认为波旁家族享有神权，而法兰西则毫无所享，在路易十八的宪章中让予的政治权利只不过是这神权上的一根枝桠，由波旁家族采摘下来，堂而皇之地赐给人民，直到有朝一日国王高兴时，便可随时收回。
Still, the House of Bourbon should have felt, from the displeasure created by the gift,
that it did not come from it.其实，波旁家族作此恩赐，并非出于心甘情愿，
它早就应当意识到并没有什么东西是由它恩赐的。
它满腔戾气地觑着十九世纪。人民每次欢欣鼓舞，它便怒形于色。我们采用一个不中听的词儿，就是说一个通俗而真实的词儿：它老在咬牙切齿，人民早已看见了。This house was churlish to the nineteenth century. It put on an ill-tempered look at every development of the nation. To make use of a trivial word, that is to say, of a popular and a true word, it looked glum. The people saw this.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:25
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它自以为强大，因为帝国在它眼前象戏台上的一幕场景似的被搬走了。它却没有意识到自己也正是那样搬来的。它没有看出它是被捏在搬走拿破仑的那同一只手里。It thought it possessed strength because the Empire had been carried away before it like a theatrical stage-setting. It did not perceive that it had, itself, been brought in in the same fashion. It did not perceive that it also lay in that hand which had removed Napoleon.
它自以为有根，因为它是过去。它想错了；它是过去的一部分，而整个的过去是法兰西。法国社会的根绝不是生在波旁家族里，而是生在人民中。构成这些深入土中生气勃勃的根须的，绝不是一个什么家族的权利，而是一个民族的历史。它们伸到四处，王位底下却没有。It thought that it had roots, because it was the past. It was mistaken; it formed a part of the past, but the whole past was France. The roots of French society were not fixed in the Bourbons, but in the nations. These obscure and lively roots constituted, not the right of a family, but the history of a people. They were everywhere, except under the throne.
波旁家族，对法兰西来说，是它历史上一个显眼和流血的节疤，但已不是它的命运的主要成分和它的政治的必要基础；人们完全可以把波旁家族丢开，确也把它丢开过二十二年，照样有办法继续生存下去，而他们竟没有见到这一点。The House of Bourbon was to France the illustrious and bleeding knot in her history, but was no longer the principal element of her destiny, and the necessary base of her politics. She could get along without the Bourbons; she had done without them for two and twenty years; there had been a break of continuity; they did not suspect the fact. And how should they have suspected it, they who fancied that Louis XVII. Reigned on the 9th of Thermidor, and that Louis XVIII. Was reigning at the battle of Marengo? Never, since the origin of history, had princes been so blind in the presence of facts and the portion of divine authority which facts contain and promulgate. Never had that pretension here below which is called the right of kings denied to such a point the right from on high.他们这伙在热月九日还认为路易十七是统治者，在马伦哥胜利之日也还认为路易十八是统治者的人，又怎能见到这一点呢？有史以来，从未有过象这些亲王们那样无视于从实际事物中孕育出来的这部分神权。人们称为王权的这种人间妄念也从没有把上界的权否认到如此程度。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:25
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绝大的谬见导使这家族收回了它在一八一四年所“赐予”的保证，
A capital error which led this family to lay its hand once more on the guarantees "granted" in 1814, on the concessions, as it termed them. Sad. 也就是它所谓的那些让步。可叹！
A sad thing! What it termed its concessions were our conquests; what it termed our encroachments were our rights. 可叹得很！它所谓的它的让步，正是我们的斗争果实；它所谓的我们的蹂躏，正是我们的权利。
When the hour seemed to it to have come, the Restoration, supposing itself victorious over Bonaparte and well-rooted in the country, that is to say, believing itself to be strong and deep, abruptly decided on its plan of action, and risked its stroke. 复辟王朝自以为战胜了波拿巴，已在国内扎稳了根，就是说，自以为力量强大和根基深厚，一旦认为时机到了，便突然作出决定，不惜孤注一掷。一个早晨，它在法兰西面前站起来，并且大声否认了集体权利和个人权利棗人民的主权和公民的自由。
One morning it drew itself up before the face of France, and, elevating its voice, it contested the collective title and the individual right of the nation to sovereignty, of the citizen to liberty.
In other words, it denied to the nation that which made it a nation, and to the citizen that which made him a citizen. 换句话说，它否认了人民之所以为人民之本和公民之所以为公民之本。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:25
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This is the foundation of those famous acts which are called the ordinances of July.
这里就是所谓七月敕令的那些著名法案的实质。
复辟王朝垮了。The Restoration fell.
它垮得合理。It fell justly.
可是，应当指出，它并没有绝对敌视进步的一切形式。
But, we admit, it had not been absolutely hostile to all forms of progress.
Great things had been accomplished, 许多大事完成时它是在场的。 with it alongside.
Under the Restoration, the nation had grown accustomed to calm discussion,which had been lacking under the Republic, and to grandeur in peace,which had been wanting under the Empire.
在复辟王朝统治下，人民已习惯于平静气氛中的讨论，这是共和时期所不曾有过的；已习惯于和平中的强大，
France free and strong had offered an encouraging spectacle to the other peoples of Europe.
这是帝国时期所不曾有过的。自由、强大的法兰西对欧洲其他各国来说，成了起鼓舞作用的舞台。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:25
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革命在罗伯斯庇尔时期发了言，大炮在波拿巴时期发了言，轮到才智发言，那只是在路易十八和查理十世的统治之下。
The Revolution had had the word under Robespierre; the cannon had had the word under Bonaparte; it was under Louis XVIII. And Charles X. that it was the turn of intelligence to have the word.
风停息了，火炬又燃了起来。The wind ceased, the torch was lighted once more.
人们望见在宁静的顶峰上闪颤着思想的纯洁光辉。
On the lofty heights, the pure light of mind could be seen flickering.
A magnificent, useful, and charming spectacle. 灿烂、有益和动人的景象。
在这十五年中，在和平环境和完全公开的场合，人们见到这样的一些伟大原理，在思想家眼里已非常陈旧而在政治家的认识上却还是崭新的原理：为法律地位平等、信仰自由、言论自由、出版自由、量才授职的甄拔制度而进行工作。
For a space of fifteen years, those great principles which are so old for the thinker, so new for the statesman, could be seen at work in perfect peace, on the public square; equality before the law, liberty of conscience, liberty of speech, liberty of the press,
the accessibility of all aptitudes to all functions.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:26
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这种情况一直延续到一八三○年。波旁家族是被粉碎在天命手中的一种文明工具。of Providence.
Thus it proceeded until 1830. The Bourbons were an instrument of civilization which broke in the hands
波旁家族的下台是充满了伟大气势的，这不是就他们那方面来说，而是就人民方面来说。
The fall of the Bourbons was full of grandeur, not on their side, but on the side of the nation.
They quitted the throne with gravity, but without authority; their descent into the night was not one of those solemn disappearances which leave a sombre emotion in history;
他们这种进黑洞似的下台并不是能使后代黯然怀念的那种大张旗鼓的退出； 这不是查理一世那种鬼魂似的沉静，也不是拿破仑那种雄鹰似的长啸。
it was neither the spectral calm of Charles I., nor the eagle scream of Napoleon.
他们离去了，如是而已。They departed, that is all.
他们大模大样地，但不是威风凛凛地，离开了宝座。
They laid down the crown, and retained no aureole. 他们放下了冠冕，却没有保留光轮。
They were worthy, but they were not august. 他们有了面子，却丢了威仪。
They lacked, in a certain measure, the majesty of their misfortune.
他们在一定程度上缺少那种正视灾难的尊严气派。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:26
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Charles X. during the voyage from Cherbourg, causing a round table to be cut over into a square table, appeared to be more anxious about imperilled etiquette than about the crumbling monarchy. 查理十世在去瑟堡的途中，叫人把一张圆桌改成方的，他对这种危难中的仪式比那崩溃中的君权更关心。
这种琐碎的作风叫忠于王室的人和热爱种族的严肃的人都灰心失望。
This diminution saddened devoted men who loved their persons, and serious men who honored their race. The populace was admirable. The nation, attacked one morning with weapons, by a sort of royal insurrection, felt itself in the possession of so much force that it did not go into a rage. It defended itself, restrained itself, restored things to their places, the government to law, the Bourbons to exile, alas! And then halted!
至于人民，却是可敬佩的。全国人民在一个早上遭到了一种王家叛变的武装进攻，却感到自己的力量异常强大，因而不曾动怒。人民进行了自卫，克制着自己，恢复了秩序，把政府纳入了法律的轨道，流放了波旁家族，可惜！便止步不前了。
It took the old king Charles X. from beneath that dais which had sheltered Louis XIV.
他们把老王查理十世从那覆护过路易十四的帏盖下取出来，轻轻地放在地上。
And set him gently on the ground. 他们怀着凄切和审慎的心情去接触那些王族中人的身体。
It touched the royal personages only with sadness and precaution.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:26
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It was not one man, it was not a few men, it was France, France entire,
不是一个，也不是几个，而是法兰西，整个法兰西，
France victorious and intoxicated with her victory, 胜利而且 被胜利冲昏了 头脑的 法兰西，
它仿佛想起了并在全世界人的眼前 实行了 纪尧姆·德·维尔 在巷战① 那天以后 所说的 严肃的话：
who seemed to be coming to herself, and who put into practice, before the eyes of the whole world, these grave words of Guillaume du Vair after the day of the Barricades:--
"It is easy for those who are accustomed to skim the favors of the great,
“对那些平时习惯于博取君王们的欢心，并象一只从一根树枝跳到另一树枝的小鸟那样，
and to spring, like a bird from bough to bough, from an afflicted fortune to a flourishing one, to对从危难中的荣誉跳到昌盛中的荣誉的人们来说，要表示自己大胆，敢于反对反抗中的君王，
show themselves harsh towards their Prince in his adversity; but as for me, the fortune of my Kings那是容易做到的；可是对我来说，我的君王们的荣誉始终是应当尊敬的，尤其是那些处于患难中的君王。”
and especially of my afflicted Kings, will always be venerable to me."
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:26
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① 巷战，指一五八八年五月十二日在巴黎爆发的社会下层群众起义。次年，波旁家族的亨利四世继承了王位。纪尧姆·德·维尔（Guillaume du Vair）是当时的一个政治活动家。
波旁家族带去了尊敬的心，却没有带走惋惜的心。
The Bourbons carried away with them respect, but not regret.
As we have just stated, their misfortune was greater than they were.
正如我们刚才所说的，他们的不幸大于他们自己。
他们消失在地平线上了。They faded out in the horizon.
The Revolution of July instantly had friends and enemies throughout the entire world.
七月革命在全世界范围内立即有了朋友和敌人。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:27
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The first rushed toward her with joy and enthusiasm, the others turned away, 有些人
欢欣鼓舞地奔向这次革命，另一些人背对着它，各人性格不同。 each according to his nature.
At the first blush, the princes of Europe, the owls of this dawn, shut their eyes,
wounded and stupefied, and only opened them to threaten.
欧洲的君王们，起初都象旭日前的猫头鹰，闭上了眼睛，伤心，失措，直到要进行威胁的时候，
A fright which can be comprehended,a wrath which can be pardoned.
才又睁开了眼睛。他们的恐惧是可以理解的，他们的愤慨是可以原谅的。
This strange revolution had hardly produced a shock; it had not even paid to
这次奇特的革命几乎没有发生震动，它对被击败的王室，
vanquished royalty the honor of treating it as an enemy, and of shedding its blood.
甚至连把它当作敌人来对待并流它的血的光荣也没有给。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:27
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In the eyes of despotic governments, who are always interested in
专制政府总喜欢看见自由发生内讧，在那些专制政府的眼里，
having liberty calumniate itself, the Revolution of July
这次七月革命不应当进行得那么威猛有力而又流于温和。
committed the fault of being formidable and of remaining gentle.
没有出现任何反对这次革命的阴谋诡计。
Nothing, however, was attempted or plotted against it.
The most discontented, the most irritated, the most trembling, saluted it;
最不满意、最愤慨、最惊悸的人都向它表示了敬意。
whatever our egotism and our rancor may be, a mysterious respect springs from events
不管我们的私心和宿怨是多么重，从种种事态中却出现了一种神秘的敬意，
in which we are sensible of the collaboration of some one who is working above man.
人们从这里感到一种高出于人力之上的力量在进行合作。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:27
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The Revolution of July is the triumph of right overthrowing the fact.
七月革命是人权粉碎事实的胜利。
这是一种光辉灿烂的东西。
A thing which is full of splendor.
Right overthrowing the fact. 人权粉碎事实。
Hence the brilliancy of the Revolution of 1830, hence, also, its mildness.
一八三○年革命的光芒是从这里来的，它的温和也是从这里来的。
胜利的人权丝毫不需要使用暴力。
Right triumphant has no need of being violent.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:27
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人权，便是正义和真理。 Right is the just and the true.
人权的特性便是永远保持美好和纯洁。
The property of right is to remain eternally beautiful and pure.
事实上，即使在表面上是最需要的，即使是当代的人所最赞同的，如果它只作为事实存在下去，如果它包含的人权过少或根本不包含人权，通过时间的演进，必将无可避免地变成畸形的、败坏的、甚至荒谬的。
The fact, even when most necessary to all appearances, even when most thoroughly accepted by contemporaries, if it exist only as a fact, and if it contain only too little of right, or none at all, is infallibly destined to become, in the course of time, deformed, impure, perhaps, even monstrous.
If one desires to learn at one blow, to what degree of hideousness the fact can attain, viewed at the distance of centuries, let him look at Machiavelli. Machiavelli is not an evil genius, nor a demon, nor a miserable and cowardly writer; he is nothing but the fact.
如果我们要立即证实事实可以达到怎样的丑恶程度，我们只须上溯几百年，看一看马基雅弗利①。
马基雅弗利绝不是个凶神，也不是个魔鬼，也不是个无耻的烂污作家，他只是事实罢了。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:27
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And he is not only the Italian fact; he is the European fact,
并且这不只是意大利的事实，也是欧洲的事实，十六世纪的事实。
the fact of the sixteenth century. He seems hideous,
他仿佛恶劣不堪，从十九世纪的道德观念来看，确也如此。
and so he is, in the presence of the moral idea of the nineteenth.
① 马基雅弗利（Machiavelli，1469?527），意大利政治家，曾写过一本《君主论》，主张王侯们在处理政事时不要受通常道德的约束。
这种人权和事实的斗争，从有社会以来是一直在不断进行着的。
This conflict of right and fact has been going on ever since the origin of society.
To terminate this duel, to amalgamate the pure idea with the humane reality, to cause right to penetrate pacifically into the fact and the fact into right, that is the task of sages.
结束决斗，让纯洁的思想和人类的实际相结合，用和平的方法使人权渗入事实，事实也渗入人权，这便是哲人的工作。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:30
；；第 4 部 第 1 卷 第 2 章；Volume IV .Book FIRST Chapter II
但是哲人的工作是一回事，机灵人的工作是另一回事。
But the task of sages is one thing, the task of clever men is another.
The Revolution of 1830 came to a sudden halt.
一八三○年的革命很快就止步不前了。
革命一旦搁浅，机灵人立即破坏这搁浅的船。
As soon as a revolution has made the coast, the skilful make haste to prepare the shipwreck.
The skilful in our century have conferred on themselves the title of Statesmen;
机灵人，在我们这个世纪里，都自加封号，自命为政治家；
因而政治家这个词儿到后来多少有点行话的味道。
so that this word, statesmen, has ended by becoming somewhat of a slang word.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:30
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It must be borne in mind, in fact, that wherever there is nothing but skill,
我们确实不应当忘记，凡是有机智的地方，就必然有小家气。there is necessarily pettiness.
所谓机灵人，也就是庸俗人。To say "the skilful" amounts to saying "the mediocre."
In the same way, to say "statesmen" is sometimes equivalent to saying "traitors."
同样，所谓政治家，有时也就等于说：民贼。
If, then, we are to believe the skilful, revolutions like the Revolution of July are severed arteries; a prompt ligature is indispensable. 应当赶快把它缝起来。
按照那些机灵人的说法，革命，象七月革命那样的革命，是动脉管破裂，
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:30
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The right, too grandly proclaimed, is shaken.
人权，如果要求过高，便会发生动荡。因此，人权一经认可以后，就应巩固政府。
Also, right once firmly fixed, the state must be strengthened. Liberty once assured,
attention must be directed to power. 自由有了保障以后，就应想到政权。
到这里，哲人还不至于和机灵人分离，但是已经开始有了戒心。政权，好吧。Power, very good.
Here the sages are not, as yet, separated from the skilful, but they begin to be distrustful.
但是，首先得搞清楚，什么是政权？其次，政权是从什么地方来的？
But, in the first place, what is power? In the second, whence comes it?
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:30
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The skilful do not seem to hear the murmured objection, and they continue their manoeuvres.
机灵人似乎听不见这种窃窃私议的反对意见，仍旧继续他们的勾当。
According to the politicians, who are ingenious in putting the mask of necessity on profitable fictions, the first requirement of a people after a revolution, when this people forms part of a monarchical continent, is to procure for itself a dynasty.
根据那些善于伪称于己有利的意图为实际需要的聪明政治家的说法，革命后的人民最迫切需求的，就一个君主国的人民来说，便是找一个王室的后裔。这样，他们认为，便能在革命以后享有和平，就是说，享有医治创伤和修补房屋的时间。旧王朝可以遮掩脚手架和伤兵医疗站。
In this way, say they, peace, that is to say, time to dress our wounds, and to repair the house, can be had after a revolution. The dynasty conceals the scaffolding and covers the ambulance. Now, it is not always easy to procure a dynasty. 但是要找到一个王室的后裔不总是那么容易的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:31
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严格地说，任何一个有才能的人，或者，甚至任何一个有钱的人都够格当国王。
If it is absolutely necessary, the first man of genius or even the first man of fortune who comes to hand suffices for the manufacturing of a king.
波拿巴是前一种例子，伊土比德①是后一种例子。
You have, in the first case, Napoleon; in the second, Iturbide.
① 伊土比德（Iturbide），墨西哥将军，一八二一年称帝，一八二四年被处决。
可是并非任何一个家族都可以拿来当作一个王族的世系。
But the first family that comes to hand does not suffice to make a dynasty.
There is necessarily required a certain modicum of antiquity in a race, and the wrinkle of the centuries cannot be improvised.
还得多少有点古老的根源才行，几个世纪的皱纹并不是一下子就可以形成的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:31
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If we place ourselves at the point of view of the "statesmen," after making all allowances, of course, after a revolution, what are the qualities of the king which result from it?
假使我们站在那些“政治家”的观点去看棗当然，我们要保留自己的全部意见棗，在革命以后，从革命中产生出来的国王应当具备哪些优越条件呢？
他可以是并且最好是革命的，就是说，亲自参加过这次革命的，在那里面插过手的，不问他是否败坏或建立了声望，不问他使过的是斧子还是剑。
He may be and it is useful for him to be a revolutionary; that is to say, a participant in his own person in that revolution, that he should have lent a hand to it, that he should have either compromised or distinguished himself therein, that he should have touched the axe or wielded the sword in it.
一个王裔应当具备哪些优越条件呢？他应当是民族主义的，就是说，不即不离的革命者，这不是从他具体的行动看，而是从他所接受的思想看。
What are the qualities of a dynasty? It should be national; that is to say, revolutionary at a distance, not through acts committed, but by reason of ideas accepted.
It should be composed of past and be historic; be composed of future and be sympathetic.
他应和已往的历史有渊源，又能对未来起作用，并且还是富于同情心的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:31
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这一切便说明了为什么早期的革命能满足于选择一个人，克伦威尔或拿破仑；
All this explains why the early revolutions contented themselves with finding a man, Cromwell or Napoleon; and why the second absolutely insisted on finding a family,
the House of Brunswick or the House of Orleans.
而后来的革命却非选择一个家族不可，不伦瑞克家族或奥尔良家族。
这些王室颇象印度的一种无花果树，这种树的枝条能垂向地面，并在土里生根，成为另一棵无花果树。
Royal houses resemble those Indian fig-trees, each branch of which,
bending over to the earth, takes root and becomes a fig-tree itself.
Each branch may become a dynasty. On the sole condition that it shall bend down to the people.
每一根树枝都能建成一个王朝。唯一的条件是向人民低下头来。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:31
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①一六八八年奥伦治家族取代斯图亚特家族登上英国王位。
Such is the theory of the skilful. 这便是那些机灵人的理论。
Here, then, lies the great art: to make a little render to success the sound of a catastrophe in order that those who profit by it may tremble from it also, 因而出现了这样的伟大艺术：
使胜利多少响起一点灾难的声音，以使利用胜利的人同时也为胜利发抖，每前进一步便散布一点恐怖气氛，拉长过渡工作中的弯路以使进步迟缓下来，冲淡初现的曙光，指控和遏制热情的谋划，削平尖角和利爪，用棉花捂住欢呼胜利的嘴， to season with fear every step that is taken, to augment the curve of the transition to the point of retarding progress, to dull that aurora, to denounce and retrench the harshness of enthusiasm, to cut all angles and nails, to wad triumph, to muffle up right,
给人权穿上龙钟肥厚的衣服，把魁伟高大的人民裹在法兰绒里，
to envelop the giant-people in flannel, and to put it to bed very speedily,
to impose a diet on that excess of health, 叫他们赶快去睡觉，强迫过分健康的人忌口，
教铁汉子接受初愈病人的饮食， to put Hercules on the treatment of a convalescent,
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:31
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挖空心思去做分化瓦解的工作， to dilute the event with the expedient,
请那些害远大理想病的人喝些掺了甘草水的蜜酒，
to offer to spirits thirsting for the ideal that nectar thinned out with a potion,
采取种种措施来防止过大的成功， to take one's precautions against too much success,
替革命加上一个遮光罩。to garnish the revolution with a shade.
1830 practised this theory, already applied to England by 1688.
一八三○年便采用了这种一六八八年①在英国已使用过的理论。
1830 is a revolution arrested midway. 一八三○是一次在半山腰里停了下来的革命。
Half of progress, quasi-right. 半吊子进步，表面的人权。
Now, logic knows not the "almost," absolutely as the sun knows not the candle.
逻辑可不懂得什么叫做差不离，绝对象太阳不承认蜡烛那样。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:32
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Who arrests revolutions half-way? The bourgeoisie ?
是谁使历次革命停留在半山腰呢？资产阶级。
为什么？Why?
Because the bourgeoisie is interest which has reached satisfaction.
因为资产阶级代表满足了的利益。昨天是饿，今天是饱，明天将是胀。
Yesterday it was appetite, to-day it is plenitude, to-morrow it will be satiety.
出现在一八一四年拿破仑下台以后的情况又出现在一八三○年查理十世之后。
The phenomenon of 1814 after Napoleon was reproduced in 1830 after Charles X.
The attempt has been made, and wrongly, to make a class of the bourgeoisie.
人们错误地把资产阶级当作一个阶级。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:32
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资产阶级只不过是人民中得到满足的那一部分人。
The bourgeoisie is simply the contented portion of the people.
The bourgeois is the man who now has time to sit down. A chair is not a caste.
资产阶级中的人是那种现在有时间坐下来的人。一张椅子并不是一个社会等级。
But through a desire to sit down too soon, one may arrest the very march of the human race.
但是，由于过早地要求坐下，人们甚至要停止人类前进的步伐。这向来是资产阶级犯下的错误。
This has often been the fault of the bourgeoisie.
One is not a class because one has committed a fault. 人并不因为犯一次错误而成为一个阶级。
利己主义不是社会组织的一部分。 Selfishness is not one of the divisions of the social order.
Moreover, we must be just to selfishness. 并且，说话应当公正，即使对利己主义，也应当如此；
The state to which that part of the nation which is called the bourgeoisie aspired
在一八三○年的震动以后，人民中间所谓资产阶级那一部分人所指望的并不是由淡漠和懒惰所构成
after the shock of 1830 was not the inertia which is complicated with indifference and laziness,
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:32
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并含着一点羞愧心情的那种无所作为的局面，也不是那种类似沉沉入梦暂忘一切的睡眠，而是立定。
and which contains a little shame; it was not the slumber which presupposes
a momentary forgetfulness accessible to dreams; it was the halt.
The halt is a word formed of a singular double and almost contradictory sense:
立定，这个词儿，含有一种奇特的并且几乎是矛盾的双重意义：
对行进中的部队来说是前进，对进驻来说是休整。
a troop on the march,that is to say, movement; a stand, that is to say, repose.
The halt is the restoration of forces; it is repose armed and on the alert;
立定，是力量的休整，是拿着武器的警觉的休息，是布置哨兵进行防卫的既成事实。
it is the accomplished fact which posts sentinels and holds itself on its guard.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:32
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立定，意味着昨天的战斗和明天的战斗。
The halt presupposes the combat of yesterday and the combat of to-morrow.
It is the partition between 1830 and 1848. 这是一八三○和一八四八的中间站。
我们在这儿所说的战斗也可以称为进步。
What we here call combat may also be designated as progress.
The bourgeoisie then, as well as the statesmen, required a man who should express this word Halt. 因此，无论对资产阶级或对政治家们来说，都必须有一个人出来发布这个命令：立定。
An Although-Because. A composite individuality, signifying revolution and signifying stability, in other terms, strengthening the present by the evident compatibility of the past with the future.
一个“虽然·因为”。一个既表示革命又表示稳定，换言之，一个能以其调和过去和未来的显明力量来巩固现在的两面人。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:32
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This man was "already found." His name was Louis Philippe d'Orleans.
这个人是“现成摆着的”。他叫路易－菲力浦·德·奥尔良。
二二一人便把路易－菲力浦捧上了王位。The 221 made Louis Philippe King.
拉斐德主持了加冕典礼。他称他为“最好的共和国”。
Lafayette undertook the coronation.He called it the best of republics.
巴黎市政厅代替了兰斯的天主堂。①这样以半王位代替全王位便是“一八三○年的成绩”。
The town-hall of Paris took the place of the Cathedral of Rheims.
①法国革命前国王在兰斯的教堂里举行加冕礼。
This substitution of a half-throne for a whole throne was "the work of 1830."
那些机灵人的大功告成以后，他们的灵药的大毛病便出现了。
When the skilful had finished, the immense vice of their solution became apparent. All this had been accomplished outside the bounds of absolute right. 这一切都是在无视于绝对人权的情况下进行的。绝对人权喊了一声：“我抗议！”Absolute right cried: "I protest!" then, terrible to say, it retired into the darkness. 紧跟着，一种可怕的现象，它又回到黑暗中去了。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:34
；；第 4 部 第 1 卷 第 3 章；Volume IV .Book FIRST. Chapter III
革命有猛烈的臂膀和灵巧的手，打得坚定，选得好。
Revolutions have a terrible arm and a happy hand, they strike firmly and choose well.
即使不彻底，甚至蜕化了，变了种，并且降到了雏形革命的地位，例如一八三○年的革命，
革命也几乎必定能保住足够的天赋的明智，不至于走投无路。
Even incomplete, even debased and abused and reduced to the state of a junior revolution like the Revolution of 1830, they nearly always retain sufficient providential lucidity to prevent them from falling amiss.
Their eclipse is never an abdication. 革命的挫折从来不会是失败。
Nevertheless, let us not boast too loudly; revolutions also may be deceived, and grave errors have been seen. 但我们也不能过于夸大，革命也一样能犯错误，并且有过严重的错误。
Let us return to 1830. 1830, in its deviation, had good luck.
我们还是来谈谈一八三○。一八三○在它的歧路上是幸运的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:35
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在那次突然中止的革命以后建立的所谓秩序的措施中，
In the establishment which entitled itself order after the revolution had been cut short,
the King amounted to more than royalty. 国王应当优于王权。
路易－菲力浦是个难得的人。 Louis Philippe was a rare man.
他的父亲在历史上固然只能得到一个低微的地位，
The son of a father to whom history will accord certain attenuating circumstances,
但他本人是值得敬重的，正如他父亲值得受谴责。
but also as worthy of esteem as that father had been of blame;
他有全部私德和好几种公德。possessing all private virtues and many public virtues;
careful of his health, of his fortune, of his person, of his affairs,
他关心自己的健康、自己的前程、自己的安全、自己的事业。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:35
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他认识一分钟的价值，却不一定认识一年的价值。节俭，宁静，温良，能干，好好先生和好好亲王。和妻子同宿，在他的王宫里有仆从负责引导绅商们去参观他们夫妇的卧榻（在当年嫡系专爱夸耀淫风以后，这种展示严肃家规的作法是有好处的）。knowing the value of a minute and not always the value of a year; sober, serene, peaceable, patient; a good man and a good prince; sleeping with his wife, and having in his palace lackeys charged with the duty of showing the conjugal bed to the bourgeois, an ostentation of the regular sleeping-apartment which had become useful after the former illegitimate displays of the elder branch;
他能懂并且能说欧洲的任何种语言，尤其难得的是能懂能说代表各种利益的语言。他是“中等阶级”的可钦佩的代言人，但又超出了它，并且，从所有各方面看，都比它更伟大。他尽管尊重自己的血统，但又聪敏过人，特别重视自身的真实价值，尤其是在宗枝问题上，他宣称自己属于奥尔良系，不属于波旁系；当他还只是个至宁极静亲王殿下的时候，他俨然以直系亲王自居，一旦成了国王陛下，却又是个诚实的平民。
knowing all the languages of Europe, and, what is more rare, all the languages of all interests, and speaking them; an admirable representative of the "middle class," but outstripping it, and in every way greater than it; possessing excellent sense, while appreciating the blood from which he had sprung, counting most of all on his intrinsic worth, and, on the question of his race, very particular, declaring himself Orleans and not Bourbon; thoroughly the first Prince of the Blood Royal while he was still only a Serene Highness, but a frank bourgeois from the day he became king;
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:35
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在大众面前，不拘形迹，与友朋相处，平易近人；有吝啬的名声，但未经证实；其实，他原不难为自己的豪兴或职责而从事挥霍，但他能勤俭持家。diffuse in public, concise in private; reputed, but not proved to be a miser; at bottom, one of those economists who are readily prodigal at their own fancy or duty;
有文学修养，但不大关心文采；为人倜傥而不风流，朴素安详而又坚强。lettered, but not very sensitive to letters; a gentleman, but not a chevalier; simple, calm, and strong;
adored by his family and his household; a fascinating talker, an undeceived statesman, inwardly cold, dominated by immediate interest, always governing at the shortest range, incapable of rancor and of gratitude, making use without mercy of superiority on mediocrity, clever in getting parliamentary majorities to put in the wrong those mysterious unanimities which mutter dully under thrones; unreserved, sometimes imprudent in his lack of reserve, but with marvellous address in that imprudence; fertile in expedients, in countenances, in masks; making France fear Europe and Europe France! Incontestably fond of his country, but preferring his family; 受到家人和族人的爱戴，谈吐娓娓动听，是一个知过能改、内心冷淡、服从目前利益、事必躬亲、不知报怨也不知报德、善于无情地利用庸材来削弱雄才，利用议会中的多数来挫败那些在王权下面隐隐责难的一致意见。爱说真心话，真心话有时说得不谨慎，不谨慎处又有非凡的高明处。善于随机应变，富于面部表情，长于装模作样。常用欧洲来恫吓法国，又常用法国来恫吓欧洲。不容置辩地爱他的祖国，但更爱他的家庭。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:35
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assuming more domination than authority and more authority than dignity, a disposition which has this unfortunate property, that as it turns everything to success, it admits of ruse and does not absolutely repudiate baseness, but which has this valuable side, that it preserves politics from violent shocks, the state from fractures, and society from catastrophes; minute, correct, vigilant, attentive, sagacious, indefatigable; contradicting himself at times and giving himself the lie; bold against Austria at Ancona, obstinate against England in Spain, bombarding Antwerp, and paying off Pritchard; singing the Marseillaise with conviction, inaccessible to despondency, to lassitude, to the taste for the beautiful and the ideal, to daring generosity, to Utopia, to chimeras, to wrath, to vanity, to fear; possessing all the forms of personal intrepidity; a general at Valmy; a soldier at Jemappes; attacked eight times by regicides and always smiling. brave as a grenadier, courageous as a thinker; 视治理重于权力，视权力重于尊严，这种性格，在事事求成方面，有它的短处，它允许耍花招，并不绝对排斥卑劣手段，但也有它的长处，它挽救了政治上的激烈冲突，国家的分裂和社会的灾难。精细，正确，警惕，关心，机敏，不辞疲劳；有时自相矛盾，继又自我纠正。在安科纳大胆地反抗奥地利，在西班牙顽强地反抗英国，炮轰安特卫普，赔偿卜利查①。满怀信心地歌唱《马赛曲》，不知道有颓丧疲劳，对美和理想的爱好，大无畏的豪气，乌托邦，幻想，愤怒，虚荣心，恐惧，具有个人奋战的各种形式。瓦尔米的将军，热马普的士兵，八次险遭暗杀，仍一贯笑容满面，和榴弹兵一样勇敢，和思想家一样坚强。
uneasy only in the face of the chances of a European shaking up, and unfitted for great political adventures; always ready to risk his life, never his work; disguising his will in influence, in order that he might be obeyed as an intelligence rather than as a king; endowed with observation and not with divination; not very attentive to minds, but knowing men, that is to say requiring to see in order to judge; prompt and penetrating good sense, practical wisdom, easy speech, prodigious memory; drawing incessantly on this memory, his only point of resemblance with Caesar, Alexander, and Napoleon; knowing deeds, facts, details, dates, proper names, ignorant of tendencies, passions, the diverse geniuses of the crowd, the interior aspirations, the hidden and obscure uprisings of souls,
只在欧洲动荡的机会面前担忧，不可能在政治上冒大风险，随时准备牺牲生命，从不放松自己的事业，用影响来掩盖自己的意图，使人们把他当作一个英才而不是当作一个国王来服从，长于观察而不善于揣度，不甚重视人的才智，但有知人之明，就是说，不以耳代目。明快锐利的感觉，重视实利的智力，辩才无碍，强记过人；不断地借用这种记忆，这是他唯一象恺撒、亚历山大和拿破仑的地方。知道实况、细节、日期、具体的名字；不知趋势、热情、群众的天才、内心的呼吁、灵魂的隐秘动乱，
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:35
.
简言之，一切人可以称为良知良能的那一切无形活动。为上层所接受，但和法兰西的下层不甚融洽，通权达变，管理过多，统治不足，自己当自己的内阁大臣，极善于用一点小小事物来阻挡思想的洪流，在教化、整顿和组织等方面的真正创造力中，夹杂着一种说不出的讲究程序、斤斤计较的精神状态。
in a word, all that can be designated as the invisible currents of consciences; accepted by the surface, but little in accord with France lower down; extricating himself by dint of tact; governing too much and not enough; his own first minister; excellent at creating out of the pettiness of realities an obstacle to the immensity of ideas; mingling a genuine creative faculty of civilization, of order and organization, an indescribable spirit of proceedings and chicanery,
一个王朝的创始人和享有人，有些地方象查理大帝，有些地方又象个书吏，
the founder and lawyer of a dynasty; having something of Charlemagne and something of an attorney;
总之，是个超卓不凡的形象，是个能在法国群情惶惑的情况下建立政权并在欧洲心怀嫉妒的情况下
in short, a lofty and original figure, a prince who understood how to create authority in spite of the uneasiness of France, and power in spite of the jealousy of Europe. 巩固势力的亲王。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:36
.
Louis Philippe will be classed among the eminent men of his century, and would be ranked among the most illustrious governors of history had he loved glory but a little,
路易－菲力浦将被列于他这一世纪中杰出人物之列，并且，假使他稍稍爱慕荣誉，
and if he had had the sentiment of what is great to the same degree as the feeling for what is useful.假使他对伟大事物的感情能和他对实用事物的感情达到同样的高度，他还可以跻身于历史上赫赫有名的统治者之列。
① 卜利查（George Pritchard，1796?883），英国传教士，毁坏他在塔希提岛的财产是引起一八四三年英法冲突的导火线。
路易－菲力浦生得俊美，老了以后，仍然有风采；不一定受到全国人的赞许，却得到了一般老百姓的好感；他能讨人喜欢。Louis Philippe had been handsome, and in his old age he remained graceful; not always approved by the nation, he always was so by the masses; he pleased.
He had that gift of charming. He lacked majesty; he wore no crown, although a king,
and no white hair, although an old man;
他有这么一种天赋：魅力。他缺少威仪，虽是国王，却不戴王冕，虽是老人，却没有白发。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:36
.
his manners belonged to the old regime and his habits to the new; a mixture of the noble and the bourgeois which suited 1830; Louis Philippe was transition reigning; he had preserved the ancient pronunciation and the ancient orthography which he placed at the service of opinions modern; he loved Poland and Hungary, but he wrote les Polonois, and he pronounced les Hongrais.
他的态度是旧时代的，习惯却是新时代的，是贵族和资产阶级的混合体，正适合一八三○的要求。路易－菲力浦代表王权占统治地位的过渡时期，他保持古代的语音和写法，用来为新思想服务，他爱波兰和匈牙利，但却常写成Polonois，说成hongrais。①
He wore the uniform of the national guard, like Charles X., and the ribbon of the Legion of Honor, like Napoleon.他象查理十世那样，穿一身国民自卫军的制服，象拿破仑那样，佩一条荣誉勋章的勋标。
① 正确的拼法应为polonais（波兰人）和hongrois（匈牙利人）。
他很少去礼拜堂，从不去打猎，绝不去歌剧院。不受教士、养狗官和舞女的腐蚀，这和他在资产阶级中的声望是有关系的。他没有侍臣。他出门时，胳膊下常夹着一把雨伞，这雨伞一直是他头顶上的光轮。
He went a little to chapel, not at all to the chase, never to the opera. Incorruptible by sacristans, by whippers-in, by ballet-dancers; this made a part of his bourgeois popularity. He had no heart. He went out with his umbrella under his arm, and this umbrella long formed a part of his aureole.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:36
.
他懂一点泥瓦工手艺，也懂一点园艺，也懂一点医道，他曾为一个从马背上摔下来的车夫放血，路易－菲力浦身上老揣着一把手术刀，正如亨利三世老揣着一把匕首一样。
He was a bit of a mason, a bit of a gardener, something of a doctor; he bled a postilion who had tumbled from his horse; Louis Philippe no more went about without his lancet, than did Henri IV. without his poniard.
The Royalists jeered at this ridiculous king, the first who had ever shed blood with the object of healing. 保王派常嘲笑这可笑的国王，笑他是第一个用放血来治病的国王。
For the grievances against Louis Philippe, there is one deduction to be made;
在历史对路易－菲力浦的指责方面，有一个减法要做。
there is that which accuses royalty, that which accuses the reign, that which accuses the King;
three columns which all give different totals.
有对王权的控诉，有对王政的控诉，也有对国王的控诉，三笔账，每一笔的总数都不同。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:36
.
Democratic right confiscated, progress becomes a matter of secondary interest, the protests of the street violently repressed, military execution of insurrections, the rising passed over by arms, the Rue Transnonain, the counsels of war, the absorption of the real country by the legal country, on half shares with three hundred thousand privileged persons,-- these are the deeds of royalty;
民主权利被废除，进步成了第二位利益，市民的抗议被暴力平息，起义被武装镇压，骚乱被刺刀戳通，特兰斯诺南街①，军事委员会，真正的国家被合法的国家所合并，和三十万特权人物对半分账的政策是王权的业绩；
Belgium refused, Algeria too harshly conquered, and, as in the case of India by the English, with more barbarism than civilization, the breach of faith, to Abd-el-Kader, Blaye, Deutz bought, Pritchard paid,--these are the doings of the reign;
比利时被拒绝，阿尔及利亚被征服得过分猛烈，并且，正如英国对待印度那样，野蛮手段多于文明方法，对阿布德－艾尔－喀德②的背信，白莱伊、德茨被收买，卜利查受赔偿，这些是王政的业绩；
家庭重于国家的政策，这是国王的业绩。
the policy which was more domestic than national was the doing of the King.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:37
.
①一八三四年四月十四日，政府军曾在巴黎特兰斯诺南街大肆屠杀起义人民。
②阿布德－艾尔－喀德（Abd el kader，1808?883），一八三二年至一八四七年阿尔及利亚人民反对法国侵略者的民族解放斗争的领袖。
As will be seen, the proper deduction having been made, the King's charge is decreased.
可以看到，账目清理以后，国王的负担便轻了。
他的大缺点是：在代表法国时，他过于谦逊了。
This is his great fault; he was modest in the name of France.
Whence arises this fault? 这缺点是从什么地方来的呢？
我们来谈谈。We will state it.
路易－菲力浦，作为一个国王，他太过于以父职为重；人们希望能把一个家庭孵化为一个朝代，
而他处处害怕，不敢有所作为；
Louis Philippe was rather too much of a paternal king; that incubation of a family with the object of founding a dynasty is afraid of everything and does not like to be disturbed;
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:37
.
从而产生了过度的畏怯，使这具有七月十四日民权传统和奥斯特里茨军事传统的民族厌烦。
hence excessive timidity, which is displeasing to the people, who have the 14th of July
in their civil and Austerlitz in their military tradition.
此外，如果我们把那些应当最先履行的公职放下不谈，路易－菲力浦对他家庭的那种深切关怀是和他那一家人相称的。那一家人，德才兼备，值得敬佩。Moreover, if we deduct the public duties which require to be fulfilled first of all, that deep tenderness of Louis Philippe towards his family was deserved by the family. That domestic group was worthy of admiration. Virtues there dwelt side by side with talents. One of Louis Philippe's daughters, Marie d'Orleans, placed the name of her race among artists, as Charles d'Orleans had placed it among poets. She made of her soul a marble which she named Jeanne d'Arc. Two of Louis Philippe's daughters elicited from Metternich this eulogium: "They are young people such as are rarely seen, and princes such as are never seen."
路易－菲力浦的一个女儿，玛丽·德·奥尔良，把她的族名送进了艺苑，正如查理·德·奥尔良把它送上了诗坛。她感情充沛地塑造过一尊名为《贞德》的石像。路易－菲力浦的两个儿子曾从梅特涅的嘴里得到这样一句带盅惑性的恭维话：“这是两个不多见的青年，也是两个没见到过的王子。”
这便是路易－菲力浦不减一分也不增一分的真情实况。
This, without any dissimulation, and also without any exaggeration, is the truth about Louis Philippe.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:37
.
To be Prince Equality, to bear in his own person the contradiction of the Restoration and the Revolution, to have that disquieting side of the revolutionary which becomes reassuring in governing power, therein lay the fortune of Louis Philippe in 1830; never was there a more complete adaptation of a man to an event; the one entered into the other, and the incarnation took place. Louis Philippe is 1830 made man. Moreover, he had in his favor that great recommendation to the throne, exile.
蓄意要作一个平等亲王，本身具有王朝复辟和革命之间的矛盾，有在政权上安定人心的那种令人担心的革命趋向，这些便是路易－菲力浦在一八三○的幸运；人和时势之间从来不曾有过比这更圆满的配合；各得其所，而且具体体现。这就是路易－菲力浦在一八三○的运气。此外，他还有这样一个登上王位的大好条件：流亡。
He had been proscribed, a wanderer, poor. He had lived by his own labor. In Switzerland, this heir to the richest princely domains in France had sold an old horse in order to obtain bread. At Reichenau, he gave lessons in mathematics, while his sister Adelaide did wool work and sewed. These souvenirs connected with a king rendered the bourgeoisie enthusiastic. He had, with his own hands, demolished the iron cage of Mont-Saint-Michel, built by Louis XI, and used by Louis XV. He was the companion of Dumouriez, he was the friend of Lafayette; he had belonged to the Jacobins' club; Mirabeau had slapped him on the shoulder; Danton had said to him: "Young man!" At the age of four and twenty, in '93, being then M. de Chartres, he had witnessed, from the depth of a box, the trial of Louis XVI., so well named that poor tyrant.
他曾被放逐，四处奔波，穷苦。他曾靠自己的劳力过活。在瑞士，这个法国最富饶的亲王采地的承袭者曾卖掉一匹老马来填饱肚子。他曾在赖兴诺为人补习数学，他的妹子阿黛拉伊德从事刺绣和缝纫。一个国王的这些往事是资产阶级中人所津津乐道的。他曾亲手拆毁圣米歇尔山上最后的那个铁笼子，那是路易十一所建立，并曾被路易十五使用过的。他是杜木里埃①的袍泽故旧，拉斐德的朋友，他参加过雅各宾俱乐部，米拉波拍过他的肩膀，丹东曾称呼他为年轻人！九三年时，他二十四岁，还是德·沙特尔先生②，他曾坐在国民公会的一间黑暗的小隔厢底里，目击对那个被人非常恰当地称为“可怜的暴君”的路易十六的判决。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:37
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The blind clairvoyance of the Revolution, breaking royalty in the King and the King with royalty, did so almost without noticing the man in the fierce crushing of the idea, the vast storm of the Assembly-Tribunal, the public wrath interrogating, Capet not knowing what to reply, the alarming, stupefied vacillation by that royal head beneath that sombre breath, the relative innocence of all in that catastrophe, of those who condemned as well as of the man condemned,--he had looked on those things, he had contemplated that giddiness; he had seen the centuries appear before the bar of the Assembly-Convention; he had beheld, behind Louis XVI., that unfortunate passer-by who was made responsible, the terrible culprit, the monarchy, rise through the shadows; and there had lingered in his soul the respectful fear of these immense justices of the populace, which are almost as impersonal as the justice of God.
革命在他心里留下的痕迹是不可想象的。他的回忆仿佛是那些伟大岁月一分钟接一分钟的生动图片。
The trace left in him by the Revolution was prodigious. Its memory was like a living imprint of those great years, minute by minute.
一天， 他曾面对一个我们无法怀疑的目击者，把制宪议会那份按字母次序排列的名单中的A字部分，单凭记忆，
One day, in the presence of a witness whom we are not permitted to doubt, he rectified from memory the whole of the letter A in the alphabetical list of the Constituent Assembly.就全部加以改正。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:38
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路易－菲力浦是一个朗如晴天的国王。在他统治期间，出版是自由的，开会是自由的，
Louis Philippe was a king of the broad daylight. While he reigned the press was free,
the tribune was free, conscience and speech were free. 信仰和言论也都是自由的。
九月的法律是疏略的。他虽然懂得阳光对特权的侵蚀作用，但仍把他的王位敞在阳光下。
The laws of September are open to sight. Although fully aware of the gnawing power of light on privileges, he left his throne exposed to the light.
历史对这种赤诚，将来自有公论。History will do justice to him for this loyalty.
Louis Philippe, like all historical men who have passed from the scene, is to-day put on his trial路易－菲力浦，和其他一切下了台的历史人物一样，今天正受着人类良心的审判。他的案子，还只是在
by the human conscience. His case is, as yet, only in the lower court. 初步审查期间。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:38
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The hour when history speaks with its free and venerable accent, has not yet sounded for him; the moment has not come to pronounce a definite judgment on this king;
历史爽朗直率发言的时刻，对他来说，还没有到来；现在还不到对这国王下定论的时候；
the austere and illustrious historian Louis Blanc has himself recently softened his first verdict; Louis Philippe was elected by those two almosts which are called the 221 and 1830, that is to say, by a half-Parliament, and a half-revolution; and in any case, from the superior point of view where philosophy must place itself, we cannot judge him here, as the reader has seen above, except with certain reservations in the name of the absolute democratic principle; 严正而名噪一时的
历史学家路易·勃朗最近便已减缓了自己最初的判词；路易－菲力浦是由两个半吊子，所谓二二一和一八三○选出来的，就是说，是由半个议会和半截革命选出来的；并且，无论如何，从哲学所应有的高度来看，我们只能在以绝对民主为原则作出的某些保留情况下来评论他，正如读者已在前面大致见到过的那样；
in the eyes of the absolute, outside these two rights, the right of man in the first place, the right of the people in the second, all is usurpation; but what we can say, even at the present day, that after making these reserves is,
在绝对原则的眼睛里，凡是处于这两种权利棗首先是人权，其次是民权棗之外的，全是篡夺；但是，
在作了这些保留后我们现在可以说的是：
that to sum up the whole, and in whatever manner he is considered, Louis Philippe, taken in himself, and from the point of view of human goodness, will remain, to use the antique language of ancient history, one of the best princes who ever sat on a throne.
“总而言之，无论人们对他如何评价，就路易－菲力浦本人并从他本性善良这一点来说，我们可以引用古代史中的一句老话，说他仍将被认为是历代最好的君王之一。”
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:38
.
他有什么是应当反对的呢？无非是那个王位。从路易－菲力浦身上去掉国王的身份，便剩下了那个人。
What is there against him? That throne. Take away Louis Philippe the king, there remains the man.
And the man is good. He is good at times even to the point of being admirable.
那个人却是好的。他有时甚至好到令人钦佩。
Often, in the midst of his gravest souvenirs, after a day of conflict with the whole diplomacy of the continent, he returned at night to his apartments, and there, exhausted with fatigue, overwhelmed with sleep, what did he do? 常常，在最严重的忧患中，和大陆上所有外交进行了一整天的斗争之后，天黑了，他才回到他的寓所，精疲力竭，睡意很浓，这时，他干什么呢？
He took a death sentence and passed the night in revising a criminal suit, considering it something to hold his own against Europe, but that it was a still greater matter to rescue a man from the executioner. He obstinately maintained his opinion against his keeper of the seals; he disputed the ground with the guillotine foot by foot against the crown attorneys, those chatterers of the law, as he called them. 他拿起一沓卷宗，披阅一桩刑事案件，直到深夜，认为这也是和欧洲较量有关的事，但是更重要的是和刽子手争夺一条人命。他常和司法大臣强辩力争，和检察长争断头台前的一寸土，他常称他们为“罗嗦法学家”。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:38
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Sometimes the pile of sentences covered his table; he examined them all; it was anguish to him to abandon these miserable, condemned heads. One day, he said to the same witness to whom we have recently referred: "I won seven last night."有时，他的桌上满是成堆的案卷，他一定要一一研究，对于他，放弃那些凄惨的犯人头是件痛心的事。一天，他曾对我们在前面提到过的那同一个目击者说：“今天晚上，我赢得了七个脑袋。”
在他当政的最初几年中，死刑几乎被废除了，重建的断头台是对这位国王的一种暴力。
During the early years of his reign, the death penalty was as good as abolished, and the erection of a scaffold was a violence committed against the King.
格雷沃刑场已随嫡系消逝了’继又出现了一个资产阶级的格雷沃刑场，被命名为圣雅克便门刑场；“追求实际利益的人”感到需要一个大致合法的断头台，这是代表资产阶级里狭隘思想的那部分人的卡齐米尔·佩里埃①对代表自由主义派的路易－菲力浦的胜利之一。
The Greve having disappeared with the elder branch, a bourgeois place of execution was instituted under the name of the Barriere-Saint-Jacques; "practical men" felt the necessity of a quasi-legitimate guillotine; and this was one of the victories of Casimir Perier, who represented the narrow sides of the bourgeoisie, over Louis Philippe, who represented its liberal sides.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:38
.
Louis Philippe annotated Beccaria with his own hand. After the Fieschi machine, he exclaimed: "What a pity that I was not wounded! Then I might have pardoned!" On another occasion, alluding to the resistance offered by his ministry, he wrote in connection with a political criminal, who is one of the most generous figures of our day: "His pardon is granted; it only remains for me to obtain it."
路易－菲力浦曾亲手注释贝卡里亚的著作。在菲埃斯基②的炸弹被破获以后，他喊着说：“真不幸，我没有受伤！否则我便可以赦免了。”另一次，我们这时代最高尚的人之一被判为政治犯，他在处理这案件时，联想到内阁方面的阻力，曾作出这样的批示：“同意赦免，仍待我去争取。”
路易－菲力浦和路易九世一样温和，也和亨利四世一样善良。
Louis Philippe was as gentle as Louis IX. And as kindly as Henri IV.
Now, to our mind, in history, where kindness is the rarest of pearls,
因此，对我们来说，善良既是历史中稀有的珍珠，善良的人便几乎优于伟大的人。
the man who is kindly almost takes precedence of the man who is great.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 18:39
.
Louis Philippe having been severely judged by some, harshly, perhaps, by others, it is quite natural that a man, himself a phantom at the present day, who knew that king, should come and testify in his favor before history;
路易－菲力浦受到某些人严峻的评论，也许还受到另一些人粗鲁的评论，一个曾熟悉这位国王、今日已成游魂的人③，来到历史面前为他作证，那也是极自然的；
this deposition, whatever else it may be, is evidently and above all things, entirely disinterested;这种证词，不管怎样，首先，明明白白，是不含私意的；
一个死人写出的墓志铭总是真诚的， an epitaph penned by a dead man is sincere;
one shade may console another shade; the sharing of the same shadows confers the right to praise it;
一个亡魂可以安慰另一个亡魂，同在冥府里的人有赞扬的权利，不用害怕人们指着海外的两堆黄土说：
it is not greatly to be feared that it will ever be said of two tombs in exile:
"This one flattered the other." “这堆土向那堆土献媚。”
. .
在路易－菲力浦当国的初期，天空已多次被惨淡的乌云所笼罩，我们叙述的故事即将进入当时的一阵乌云的深处，本书对这位国王，必须有所阐述，不能模棱两可。
At the moment when the drama which we are narrating is on the point of penetrating into the depths of one of the tragic clouds which envelop the beginning of Louis Philippe's reign, it was necessary that there should be no equivoque, and it became requisite that this book should offer some explanation with regard to this king.
Louis Philippe had entered into possession of his royal authority without violence, without any direct action on his part, by virtue of a revolutionary change, evidently quite distinct from the real aim of the Revolution, but in which he, the Duc d'Orleans, exercised no personal initiative.
路易－菲力浦掌握王权，并非通过他本人的直接行动，也没使用暴力，而是由于革命性质的一种转变，这和那次革命的真正目的显然相去甚远，但是，作为奥尔良公爵的他，在其中绝无主动的努力。
He had been born a Prince, and he believed himself to have been elected King.
他生来就是亲王，并自信是被选为国王的。 He had not served this mandate on himself; he had not taken it; it had been offered to him, and he had accepted it; convinced, wrongly, to be sure, but convinced nevertheless, that the offer was in accordance with right and that the acceptance of it was in accordance with duty. 他绝没有为自己加上这一称号，他一点没有争取，别人把这称号送来给他，他加以接受罢了；他深信，当然错了，但他深信授予是基于人权，接受是基于义务。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:53
.
Hence his possession was in good faith. Now, we say it in good conscience, Louis Philippe being in possession in perfect good faith, and the democracy being in good faith in its attack, the amount of terror discharged by the social conflicts weighs neither on the King nor on the democracy.因此，他的享国是善意的。我们也真心诚意地说，路易－菲力浦享国是出于善意，民主主义的进攻也是出于善意，种种社会斗争所引起的那一点恐怖，既不能归咎于国王，也不能归咎于民主主义。主义之间的冲突有如物质间的冲突。海洋护卫水，狂风护卫空气，国王护卫王权，民主主义护卫人民；相对抗拒绝对，就是说，君主制抗拒共和制；社会常在这种冲突中流血，但是它今天所受的痛苦将在日后成为它的幸福；并且，不管怎样，那些进行斗争的人在此地是丝毫没有什么可责备的；两派中的一派显然是错了，人权并不象罗得岛的巨像①那样，同时脚跨两岸，一只脚踏在共和方面，一只脚踏在君权方面；它是分不开的，只能站在一边；但是错了的人是错得光明的，盲人并不是罪人，正如旺代人不是土匪。A clash of principles resembles a clash of elements. The ocean defends the water, the hurricane defends the air, the King defends Royalty, the democracy defends the people; the relative, which is the monarchy, resists the absolute, which is the republic; society bleeds in this conflict, but that which constitutes its suffering to-day will constitute its safety later on; and, in any case, those who combat are not to be blamed; one of the two parties is evidently mistaken; the right is not, like the Colossus of Rhodes, on two shores at once, with one foot on the republic, and one in Royalty; it is indivisible, and all on one side; but those who are in error are so sincerely; a blind man is no more a criminal than a Vendean is a ruffian.
Let us, then, impute to the fatality of things alone these formidable collisions. Whatever the nature of these tempests may be, human irresponsibility is mingled with them.
我们只能把这些猛烈的冲突归咎于事物的必然性。不问这些风暴的性质如何，其中人负不了责任。
一八三○年的政府立即面对困难的生活。它昨天刚生下来，今日便得战斗。
The government of 1840 led a hard life immediately. Born yesterday, it was obliged to fight to-day.
Hardly installed, it was already everywhere conscious of vague movements of traction on the apparatus of July so recently laid, and so lacking in solidity.
七月的国家机器还刚刚搭起，装配得还很不牢固，便已感到处处暗藏着拖后腿的力量。
阻力在第二天便出现了，也许在前一天便已存在。
对抗势力一月一月壮大起来，并且暗斗变成了明争。
Resistance was born on the morrow; perhaps even, it was born on the preceding evening. From month to month the hostility increased, and from being concealed it became patent.
The Revolution of July, which gained but little acceptance outside of France by kings, had been diversely interpreted in France, as we have said.
七月革命，我们已经说过，在法国国外并没受到君王们的欢迎，在国内又遇到了各种不同的解释。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:54
.
God delivers over to men his visible will in events, an obscure text written in a mysterious tongue. Men immediately make translations of it; translations hasty, incorrect, full of errors, of gaps, and of nonsense. Very few minds comprehend the divine language. The most sagacious, the calmest, the most profound, decipher slowly, and when they arrive with their text, the task has long been completed; there are already twenty translations on the public place. From each remaining springs a party, and from each misinterpretation a faction; and each party thinks that it alone has the true text, and
each faction thinks that it possesses the light.上帝把它明显的意图通过种种事件揭示给人们，那原是一种晦涩难解的天书。人们拿来立即加以解释，解释得草率不正确，充满了错误、漏洞和反义。很少人能理解神的语言。最聪明、最冷静、最深刻的人慢慢加以分析，可是，当他们把译文拿出来时，事情早已定局了，公共的广场上早已有了二十种译本。每一种译本产生一个党，每一个反义产生一个派，并且每一个党都自以为掌握了唯一正确的译文，每一个派也自以为光明在自己的一边。
当权者本身往往自成一派。
Power itself is often a faction.
革命中常有逆流游泳的人，这些人都属于旧党派。
There are, in revolutions, swimmers who go against the current; they are the old parties.
旧党派自以为秉承上帝的恩宠，拥有继承权，他们认为革命是由反抗的权利产生出来的，他们便也有反抗革命的权利。错了。因为，在革命中反抗的不是人民，而是国王。
For the old parties who clung to heredity by the grace of God, think that revolutions, having sprung from the right to revolt, one has the right to revolt against them. Error. For in these revolutions, the one who revolts is not the people; it is the king.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:54
.
革命恰恰是反抗的反面。任何革命都是一种正常的事业，它本身具有它的合法性，有时会被假革命者所玷污，但是，尽管被玷污，它仍然要坚持下去，尽管满身血迹，也一样要生存下去。
Revolution is precisely the contrary of revolt. Every revolution, being a normal outcome, contains within itself its legitimacy, which false revolutionists sometimes dishonor, but which remains even when soiled, which survives even when stained with blood.
革命不是由偶然事件产生的，而是由需要产生的。革命是去伪存真。它是因为不得不发生而发生的。
Revolutions spring not from an accident, but from necessity. A revolution is a return from the fictitious to the real. It is because it must be that it is.
None the less did the old legitimist parties assail the Revolution of 1830 with all the vehemence which arises from false reasoning. Errors make excellent projectiles. They strike it cleverly in its vulnerable spot, in default of a cuirass, in its lack of logic; they attacked this revolution in its royalty. They shouted to it: 旧正统主义派也凭着谬误的理解所产生的全部戾气对一八三○年革命大肆攻击。谬见常是极好的炮弹。它能巧妙地打中那次革命的要害，打中它的铁甲的弱点，打中它缺少逻辑的地方，正统主义派抓住了王权问题来攻击那次革命。他们吼道：
"Revolution, why this king?" “革命，为什么要这国王？”
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:54
.
Factions are blind men who aim correctly. 瞎子也真能瞄准。
This cry was uttered equally by the republicans. 这种吼声，也是共和派常常发出的。
But coming from them, this cry was logical. 但是，出自他们，这吼声便合逻辑。
What was blindness in the legitimists was clearness of vision in the democrats.
这话出自正统主义派的口是瞎说，出自民主主义派的口却是灼见。
一八三○曾使人民破产。愤激的民主主义要向它问罪。
1830 had bankrupted the people. The enraged democracy reproached it with this.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:54
.
七月政权在来自过去和来自未来的两面夹击中挣扎。它代表若干世纪的君主政体和永恒的人权之间的那一刹那。
Between the attack of the past and the attack of the future, the establishment of July struggled. It represented the minute at loggerheads on the one hand with the monarchical centuries, on the other hand with eternal right.
此外，在对外方面，一八三○既已不是革命，并且变成了君主制，它便非跟着欧洲走不可。要保住和平，问题便更加复杂。违反潮流，倒转去寻求和洽，往往比进行战争更为棘手。In addition, and beside all this, as it was no longer revolution and had become a monarchy, 1830 was obliged to take precedence of all Europe. To keep the peace, was an increase of complication. A harmony established contrary to sense is often more onerous than a war. From this secret conflict, always muzzled, but always growling, was born armed peace, that ruinous expedient of civilization which in the harness of the European cabinets is suspicious in itself. The Royalty of July reared up, in spite of the fact that it caught it in the harness of European cabinets. 从这种经常忍气而不尽吞声的暗斗中产生了武装和平棗一种连文明自身也信不过的殃民办法。七月王朝无可奈何地象一匹烈马在欧洲各国内阁所驾御的辕轭间腾起前蹄打蹦儿。梅特涅一心要勒紧缰绳。 Metternich would gladly have put it in kicking-straps. Pushed on in France by progress, it pushed on the monarchies, those loiterers in Europe.
七月王朝在法国受着进步力量的推动，又在欧洲推动那些君主国，那伙行走缓慢的动物。
After having been towed, it undertook to tow.
它被拖，也拖人。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:55
.
同时，在国内，社会上存在着一大堆问题：Meanwhile, within her,
贫穷、无产阶级、工资、教育、刑罚、卖淫、妇女的命运、
pauperism, the proletariat, salary, education, penal servitude, prostitution, the fate of the woman,
财富、饥寒、生产、消费、分配、交换、币制、信贷、资本的权利、劳工的权利等，
wealth, misery, production, consumption, division, exchange, coin, credit, the rights of capital, the rights of labor,
--all these questions were multiplied above society,
a terrible slope. 情势岌岌可危。
在真正的政党以外，还出现另一种动态。和民主主义的酝酿相呼应的还有哲学方面的酝酿。优秀人物和一般群众都感到困惑，情况各不同，但同在困惑中。
Outside of political parties properly so called, another movement became manifest. Philosophical fermentation replied to democratic fermentation. The elect felt troubled as well as the masses; in another manner, but quite as much.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:55
.
有些思想家在思考，然而土壤，就是说，人民大众，受到了革命潮流的冲击，却在他们下面，被一种无以名之的癫痫震荡着。这些思想家，有的单干，有的汇合成派，并且几乎结为团体，Thinkers meditated, while the soil, that is to say, the people, traversed by revolutionary currents, trembled under them with indescribably vague epileptic shocks. These dreamers, some isolated,
others united in families and almost in communion, turned over
把各种社会问题冷静而深入地揭示出来；这些坚忍的无动于衷的地下工人把他们的坑道静静地挖向火山的深处，几乎不为潜在的震动和隐约可辨的烈焰所动摇。
social questions in a pacific but profound manner; impassive miners, who tranquilly pushed their galleries into the depths of a volcano, hardly disturbed by the dull commotion and the furnaces of which they caught glimpses.
那种平静并非是那动荡时代最不美的景象。
This tranquillity was not the least beautiful spectacle of this agitated epoch.
These men left to political parties the question of rights, they occupied themselves with the question of happiness.那些人把各种权利问题留给政党，他们一心致力于幸福问题。
人的福利，这才是他们要从社会中提炼出来的东西。
The well-being of man,that was what they wanted to extract from society.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:55
.
他们把物质问题，农业、工业、商业等问题提到了几乎和宗教同样高贵的地位。文明的构成，成于上帝的少，成于人类的多，在其中，各种利益都以某一种动力的规律彼此结合、汇集、搀和，从而构成一种真正坚硬的岩石，这已由那些经济学家棗政治上的地质学家棗耐心研究过的。
They raised material questions, questions of agriculture, of industry, of commerce, almost to the dignity of a religion. In civilization, such as it has formed itself, a little by the command of God, a great deal by the agency of man, interests combine, unite, and amalgamate in a manner to form a veritable hard rock, in accordance with a dynamic law, patiently studied by economists, those geologists of politics.
他们试图凿穿这岩石，使人类无上幸福的源泉从那里源源喷出，这些人，各自聚集在不同的名称下面，但一律可用社会主义者这个属名来称呼他们。
These men who grouped themselves under different appellations, but who may all be designated by the generic title of socialists, endeavored to pierce that rock and to cause it to spout forth the living waters of human felicity.
From the question of the scaffold to the question of war, their works embraced everything. To the rights of man, as proclaimed by the French Revolution, they added the rights of woman and the rights of the child.
他们的工程包括一切，从断头台问题直到战争问题都被包括在内。在法兰西革命所宣告的人权之外，他们还加上了妇女的权利和儿童的权利。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:55
.
这点是不足为奇的，由于种种原因，我们不能在这里就社会主义所提出的各种问题一一从理论上作出详尽的论述，我们只打算略提一下。
The reader will not be surprised if, for various reasons, we do not here treat in a thorough manner, from the theoretical point of view, the questions raised by socialism. We confine ourselves to indicating them.
社会主义者所要解决的全部问题，如果把那些有关宇宙形成学说的幻象、梦想和神秘主义都撇开不谈，All the problems that the socialists proposed to themselves, cosmogonic visions, revery and mysticism being cast aside, can be
可以概括为两个主要问题：reduced to two principal problems.
第一个问题：生产财富。First problem: To produce wealth.
第二个问题：分配财富。Second problem: To share it.
第一个问题包括劳动问题。The first problem contains the question of work.
第二个包括工资问题。The second contains the question of salary.
第一个问题涉及劳力的使用。In the first problem the employment of forces is in question.
第二个涉及享受的配给。In the second, the distribution of enjoyment.
从劳力的合理使用产生大众的权力。From the proper employment of forces results public power.
从享受的合理配给产生个人的幸福。From a good distribution of enjoyments results individual happiness.
所谓合理的配给，并非平均的配给，而是公平的配给。最首要的平等是公正。
By a good distribution, not an equal but an equitable distribution must be understood.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:55
.
把外面的大众权力和里面的个人幸福这两个东西合在一起，便产生了社会的繁荣。results social prosperity.
From these two things combined, the public power without, individual happiness within,
社会的繁荣是指幸福的人、自由的公民、强大的国家。
Social prosperity means the man happy, the citizen free, the nation great.
英国解决了这两个问题中的第一个。它出色地创造了财富！但分配失当。这种只完成一个方面的解决办法必然把它引向这样两个极端：丑恶不堪的豪华和丑恶不堪的穷苦。England solves the first of these two problems. She creates wealth admirably, she divides it badly. This solution which is complete on one side only leads her fatally to two extremes: monstrous opulence, monstrous wretchedness.
全部享受归于几个人，全部贫乏归于其余的人，就是说，归于人民；特权、例外、垄断、封建制都从劳动中产生。All enjoyments for some, all privations for the rest, that is to say, for the people; privilege, exception, monopoly, feudalism, born from toil itself.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
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把大众的权力建立在私人的穷苦上面，国家的强盛扎根于个人的痛苦中，这是一种虚假的、危险的形势。
A false and dangerous situation, which sates public power or private misery, which sets the roots of the State in the sufferings of the individual.
A badly constituted grandeur in which are combined all the material elements and into which no moral element enters.这是一种组织得不好的强盛，这里面只有全部物质因素，毫无精神因素。
Communism and agrarian law think that they solve the second problem. They are mistaken. Their division kills production. Equal partition abolishes emulation; and consequently labor. It is a partition made by the butcher, which kills that which it divides. 共产主义和土地法以为能解决第二个问题。他们搞错了。他们的分配扼杀生产。平均的授予取消竞争。从而也取消劳动。这是那种先宰后分的屠夫式的分配方法。
It is therefore impossible to pause over these pretended solutions.
因此，不可能停留在这种自以为是的办法上。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
.
扼杀财富并不是分配财富。 Slaying wealth is not the same thing as dividing it.
The two problems require to be solved together, to be well solved.
这两个问题必须一同解决，才能解决得当。两个问题必须并为一个来加以解决。
The two problems must be combined and made but one.
只解决这两个问题中的第一个吧，你将成为威尼斯，你将成为英格兰。
Solve only the first of the two problems; you will be Venice, you will be England.
You will have, like Venice, an artificial power, or, like England, a material power;
你将和威尼斯一样只有一种虚假的强盛，或是象英格兰那样，只有一种物质上的强盛，你将成为一个恶霸。
you will be the wicked rich man.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
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你将在暴力前灭亡，象威尼斯的末日那样，或是在破产中灭亡，象英格兰的将来那样。
You will die by an act of violence, as Venice died, or by bankruptcy, as England will fall.
并且世界将让你死亡，让你倒下，因为凡是专门利己，凡是不能为人类代表一种美德或一种思想的事物，
And the world will allow to die and fall all that is merely selfishness,
世界总是让它们倒下去，死去的。
all that does not represent for the human race either a virtue or an idea.
It is well understood here, that by the words Venice, England, we designate not the peoples, but social structures; the oligarchies superposed on nations, and not the nations themselves. The nations always have our respect and our sympathy. Venice, as a people, will live again; England, the aristocracy, will fall, but England, the nation, is immortal. That said, we continue.
当然，我们在这里提到了威尼斯和英格兰，我们所指的不是那些民族，而是那些社会结构，指高踞在那些民族上面的寡头政治，不是那些民族本身。对于那些民族，我们始终是尊敬、同情的。威尼斯的民族必将再生，英格兰的贵族必将倾覆，英格兰的民族却是不朽的。这话说了以后，我们继续谈下去。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
.
解决那两个问题，鼓励富人，保护穷人，消灭贫困，制止强者对弱者所施的不合理的剥削，煞住走在路上的人对已达目的的人所怀的不公道的嫉妒，精确地并兄弟般地调整对劳动的报酬，结合儿童的成长施行免费的义务教育，并使科学成为成年人的生活基础，在利用体力的同时发展人们的智力，让我们成为一个强国的人民，
Solve the two problems, encourage the wealthy, and protect the poor, suppress misery, put an end to the unjust farming out of the feeble by the strong, put a bridle on the iniquitous jealousy of the man who is making his way against the man who has reached the goal, adjust, mathematically and fraternally, salary to labor, mingle gratuitous and compulsory education with the growth of childhood, and make of science the base of manliness, develop minds while keeping arms busy,
同时也成为一个幸福家庭的成员，实行财产民主化，不是废除财产，而是普及财产，使每个公民，毫无例外，都成为有产者，这并不象人们所想象的那么困难，总而言之，要知道生产财富和分配财富，这样，你便能既有物质上的强大，也有精神上的强大，这样，你才有资格自称为法兰西。
be at one and the same time a powerful people and a family of happy men, render property democratic, not by abolishing it, but by making it universal, so that every citizen, without exception, may be a proprietor, an easier matter than is generally supposed; in two words, learn how to produce wealth and how to distribute it, and you will have at once moral and material greatness; and you will be worthy to call yourself France.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
.
This is what socialism said outside and above a few sects which have gone astray;
这便是不同于某些迷失了方向的宗派并高出于它们之上的社会主义所说的，
that is what it sought in facts, that is what it sketched out in minds.
这便是它在实际事物中所探索的，这便是它在理想中所设计的。
Efforts worthy of admiration! Sacred attempts! 可贵的毅力！神圣的意图！
这些学说，这些理论，这些阻力，国务活动家必须和哲学家们一同正视的那种出人意料的需要，一些零乱而隐约可见的论据，一种有待于创始、既能调和旧社会而又不过分违反革命理想的新政策，一种不得不利用拉斐德来保护波林尼雅克①的形势，
These doctrines, these theories, these resistances, the unforeseen necessity for the statesman to take philosophers into account, confused evidences of which we catch a glimpse, a new system of politics to be created, which shall be in accord with the old world without too much disaccord with the new revolutionary ideal, a situation in which it became necessary to use Lafayette to defend Polignac,
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:56
.
对从暴动中明显反映出来的进步力量的预感，议会和街道，发生在他左右的那些有待平衡的竞争，他对革命的信念，也许是模糊地接受了一种从正式而崇高的权利里产生的临时退让心情，他重视自己血统的意志，他的家庭观念，他对人民的真诚尊重，他自己的忠厚，
the intuition of progress transparent beneath the revolt, the chambers and streets, the competitions to be brought into equilibrium around him, his faith in the Revolution, perhaps an eventual indefinable resignation born of the vague acceptance of a superior definitive right, his desire to remain of his race, his domestic spirit, his sincere respect for the people, his own honesty,
这一切，常使路易－菲力浦心神不定，几乎感到痛苦，并且，有时，
尽管他是那么坚强、勇敢，也使他在当国王的困难前感到灰心丧气。
preoccupied Louis Philippe almost painfully, and there were moments when strong and courageous as he was, he was overwhelmed by the difficulties of being a king.
He felt under his feet a formidable disaggregation, which was not, nevertheless,
他觉得在他脚下有种可怕的分裂活动，但又不是土崩瓦解，因为法兰西比以往任何时候都更加法兰西了。
a reduction to dust, France being more France than ever.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:57
.
阴霾遮住天边。一团奇特的黑影越移越近，在人、物、思想的上空慢慢散开，是种种仇恨和种种派系的黑影。被突然堵住了的一切又在移动酝酿了。有时，这忠厚人的良心不能不在那种夹杂诡辩和真理的令人极不舒畅的空气里倒抽一口气。Piles of shadows covered the horizon. A strange shade, gradually drawing nearer, extended little by little over men, over things, over ideas; a shade which came from wraths and systems. Everything which had been hastily stifled was moving and fermenting. At times the conscience of the honest man resumed its breathing, so great was the discomfort of that air in which sophisms were intermingled with truths.
Spirits trembled in the social anxiety like leaves at the approach of a storm. The electric tension was such that at certain instants, the first comer, a stranger, brought light. Then the twilight obscurity closed in again. At intervals, deep and dull mutterings allowed a judgment to be formed as to the quantity of thunder contained by the cloud.
人们的心情如同风暴将临时的树叶，在烦惑的社会中发抖。电压是那么强，以致常有一个来历不明的陌生人在某种时刻突然闪过。接着又是一片黑暗昏黄。间或有几声闷雷在远处隐隐轰鸣，使人们意识到云中蕴蓄着的电量。
七月革命发生后还不到二十个月，一八三二年便在紧急危殆的气氛中开始了。
Twenty months had barely elapsed since the Revolution of July, the year 1832 had opened with an aspect of something impending and threatening.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:57
.
人民的疾苦，没有面包的劳动人民，最后一个孔代亲王的横死②，仿效驱逐波旁家族的巴黎而驱逐纳索家族的布鲁塞尔，自愿归附一个法兰西亲王而终被交给一个英格兰亲王的比利时，尼古拉的俄罗斯仇恨，站在我们背后的两个南方魔鬼西班牙的斐迪南和葡萄牙的米格尔，意大利的地震，把手伸向博洛尼亚的梅特涅，在安科纳以强硬手段对付奥地利的法兰西，从北方传来把波兰钉进棺材的那阵无限悲凉的锤子声音，整个欧洲瞪眼望着法国的那种愤激目光，The distress of the people, the laborers without bread, the last Prince de Conde engulfed in the shadows, Brussels expelling the Nassaus as Paris did the Bourbons, Belgium offering herself to a French Prince and giving herself to an English Prince, the Russian hatred of Nicolas, behind us the demons of the South, Ferdinand in Spain, Miguel in Portugal, the earth quaking in Italy, Metternich extending his hand over Bologna, France treating Austria sharply at Ancona, at the North no one knew what sinister sound of the hammer nailing up Poland in her coffin, irritated glances watching France narrowly all over Europe, England,
随时准备趁火打劫、落井下石的不可靠的盟国英格兰，躲在贝卡里亚背后拒绝向法律交出四颗人头的贵族院，从国王车子上刮掉的百合花，从圣母院拔去的十字架，物化了的拉斐德，破产了的拉菲特，死于贫困的班加曼·贡斯当，死于力竭的卡齐米尔·佩里埃，a suspected ally, ready to give a push to that which was tottering and to hurl herself on that which should fall, the peerage sheltering itself behind Beccaria to refuse four heads to the law, the fleurs -de -lys erased from the King's carriage, the cross torn from Notre Dame, Lafayette lessened, Laffitte ruined, Benjamin Constant dead in indigence, Casimir Perier dead in the exhaustion of his power;
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:57
.
在这王国的两个都市中棗一个思想的城市，一个劳动的城市棗同时发生的政治病和社会病，巴黎的民权战争，里昂的奴役战争，两个城市中的同一种烈焰，出现在人民额头上的那种类似火山爆发的紫光，狂烈的南方，动荡的西方，待在旺代的德·贝里公爵夫人，阴谋，颠覆活动，暴乱，霍乱，这些都在种种思潮的纷争之上增添了种种事变的纷起。 political and social malady breaking out simultaneously in the two capitals of the kingdom, the one in the city of thought, the other in the city of toil; at Paris civil war, at Lyons servile war; in the two cities, the same glare of the furnace; a crater-like crimson on the brow of the people; the South rendered fanatic, the West troubled, the Duchesse de Berry in la Vendee, plots, conspiracies, risings, cholera, added the sombre roar of tumult of events to the sombre roar of ideas.
将近四月底时，一切情况都严重起来了。酝酿成了沸腾。从一八三○年起，这里那里都有过一些局部的小骚动，立即遭到了扑灭，但是随扑随起，这是地下暗流进行大汇合的信号。大动乱有一触即发之势。一种可能的革命已露出若隐若现的迹象。法国望着巴黎，巴黎望着圣安东尼郊区。
Towards the end of April, everything had become aggravated. The fermentation entered the boiling state. Ever since 1830,petty partial revolts had been going on here and there,which were quickly suppressed, but ever bursting forth afresh,the sign of a vast underlying conflagration. Something terrible was in preparation. Glimpses could be caught of the features still indistinct and imperfectly lighted, of a possible revolution. France kept an eye on Paris; Paris kept an eye on the Faubourg Saint-Antoine.
圣安东尼郊区，暗中早已火热，即将进入沸腾。
The Faubourg Saint-Antoine, which was in a dull glow, was beginning its ebullition.
The wine-shops of the Rue de Charonne were, although the union of the two epithets seems singular when applied to wine-shops, grave and stormy.
夏罗纳街上的那些饮料店是严肃而汹涌澎湃的，虽然把这两组形容词连在一起来谈那些店是显得有些特别的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:59
.
The government was there purely and simply called in question. There people publicly discussed the question of fighting or of keeping quiet. There were back shops where workingmen were made to swear that they would hasten into the street at the first cry of alarm, and "that they would fight without counting the number of the enemy." This engagement once entered into, a man seated in the corner of the wine-shop "assumed a sonorous tone," and said, "You understand! You have sworn!"
在那些地方，人们根本或干脆不把政府放在眼里。人们在那里公开讨论“是打还是呆着不动的问题”。在那些店的一些后间里，有人在听取一些工人宣誓：“一听到告警的呼声，便立即跑到街上，并且不问敌人多少，立即投入战斗。”宣誓以后，一个坐在那店角落里的人便“敞着嗓门”说：“你同意啦！你宣誓啦！”
有时，那人还走到一层楼上的一间关上了门的屋子里，Sometimes they went up stairs, to a private room on the first floor, 并在那里举行一种类似秘密组织所惯用的仪式。那人教初入组织的人作出诺言：
and there scenes that were almost masonic were enacted. They made the initiated take oaths to “为他服务，如同对家长那样。”那是一种公式。render service to himself as well as to the fathers of families. That was the formula.
在那些矮厅里，有人在阅读“颠覆性”的小册子。“他们冒犯政府”，当时一个秘密报告这样说。
In the tap-rooms, "subversive" pamphlets were read. They treated the government with contempt, says a secret report of that time.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 22:59
.
Words like the following could be heard there: --
在那些地方，人们常听到这样一些话：“我不知道首领们的姓名。我们，要到最后的两个钟头才能知道日期。”一个工人在说：“我们一共三百人，每人十个苏吧，就会有一百五十法郎，可以用来制造枪弹和火药。”
"I don't know the names of the leaders. We folks shall not know the day until two hours beforehand." One workman said: "There are three hundred of us, let each contribute ten sous, that will make one hundred and fifty francs with which to procure powder and shot."
另一个工人说：“我不指望六个月，也不指望两个月。不到两星期我们便要和政府面对面了。有了两万五千人，便可以交一下手。”另一个说：“我从不睡，因为我整夜做子弹。”有些“资产阶级模样的穿着漂亮衣服”的人不时走来“耍派头”，“指手画脚”和那些“重要角色”握握手，便走了。他们停留的时间从来不超过十分钟。人们低声谈着一些有深意的话：“布置已经完成，事情已经到了头了。”一个当时在场的人的原话：“所有在场的人都嗡嗡地那样说。”群情是那样激奋，以致有一天，一个工人对着满店的人嚷道：“我们没有武器！”他的一个同志回答说：“大兵们有！”这样便无意中引用了波拿巴的《告意大利大军书》。有一个情报还说：“更重要的秘密，他们不在那些地方传达。”旁人不大明了他们在说了他们所说的那些话以后还瞒着些什么。
Another said: "I don't ask for six months, I don't ask for even two. In less than a fortnight we shall be parallel with the government. With twenty-five thousand men we can face them." Another said: "I don't sleep at night, because I make cartridges all night." From time to time, men "of bourgeois appearance, and in good coats" came and "caused embarrassment," and with the air of "command," shook hands with the most important, and then went away. They never stayed more than ten minutes. Significant remarks were exchanged in a low tone: "The plot is ripe, the matter is arranged." "It was murmured by all who were there," to borrow the very expression of one of those who were present. The exaltation was such that one day, a workingman exclaimed, efore the whole wine-shop: "We have no arms!" One of his comrades replied: "The soldiers have!" thus parodying without being aware of the fact, Bonaparte's proclamation to the army in Italy: "When they had anything of a more secret nature on hand," adds one report, "they did not communicate it to each other." It is not easy to understand what they could conceal after what they said.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:00
.
那些会有时是定期举行的。在某些会里，从来不超过八个或十个人，并且老是原来那几个。另外一些会，任人随意参加，会场便拥挤到有些人非立着不可。到会的人，有的是出于激情和狂热，有的是因为“那是找工作的路子”。和革命时期一样，在那些饮料店里也有一些爱国的妇女，她们拥抱那些新到会的人。
These reunions were sometimes periodical. At certain ones of them, there were never more than eight or ten persons present, and they were always the same. In others, any one entered who wished, and the room was so full that they were forced to stand. Some went thither through enthusiasm and passion; others because it was on their way to their work. As during the Revolution, there were patriotic women in some of these wine-shops who embraced new -comers.
Other expressive facts came to light.
还出现了另外一些有意义的事。
. .
有一个人走进一家饮料店，喝过以后，走出店门说道：“酒老板，欠账，革命会照付的。”
A man would enter a shop, drink, and go his way with the remark: "Wine-merchant, the revolution will pay what is due to you."
人们常在夏罗纳街对面、一个饮料店老板的家里选派革命工作人员。选票是投在鸭舌帽里的。
Revolutionary agents were appointed in a wine-shop facing the Rue de Charonne. The balloting was carried on in their caps.
Workingmen met at the house of a fencing-master who gave lessons in the Rue de Cotte. There there was a trophy of arms formed of wooden broadswords, canes, clubs, and foils. One day, the buttons were removed from the foils.
有些工人在柯特街一个收学生的剑术教师家里聚会。他家里陈列了各种武器：木剑、棍、棒、花剑。一天，他们把那些花剑头上的套子全去掉了。有个工人说：“我们是二十五个人，但是他们不把我算在内，因为他们把我看作一个饭桶。”这饭桶便是日后的凯尼赛①。
A workman said: "There are twenty-five of us, but they don't count on me, because I am looked upon as a machine." Later on, that machine became Quenisset.
预先思考过的种种琐事也渐渐传开了。一个扫着大门台阶的妇人曾对另一个妇人说：“大家早已在拼命赶做枪弹了。”人们也对着街上的人群宣读一些对各省县国民自卫军发出的宣言。有一份宣言的签字人是“酒商，布尔托”。The indefinite things which were brewing gradually acquired a strange and indescribable notoriety. A woman sweeping off her doorsteps said to another woman: "For a long time, there has been a strong force busy making cartridges." In the open street, proclamation could be seen addressed to the National Guard in the departments. One of these proclamations was signed: Burtot, wine-merchant.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:00
.
在勒努瓦市场的一个酒铺门前，有个生着络腮胡子、带意大利口音的人立在一块墙角石上，高声朗读一篇仿佛是由一个秘密权力组织发出的文告。一群群的人向他的四周聚拢来，并对他鼓掌。One day a man with his beard worn like a collar and with an Italian accent mounted a stone post at the door of a liquor-seller in the Marche Lenoir, and read aloud a singular document, which seemed to emanate from an occult power. Groups formed around him, and applauded.
那些最使听众激动的片段曾被搜集记录下来：“……我们的学说被禁止了，我们的宣言被撕毁了，我们的宣传员受到了暗中侦察并被囚禁起来了……”“……最近棉纱市场的混乱现象替我们说服了许多中间派……”“……人民的将来要由我们这个惨淡的行列来经营……”“……摆着的问题就是这样：动还是反动，革命还是反革命。因为，在我们这时代，人们已不承认有什么无为状态或不动状态。为人民还是反人民，问题就在这里。再没有旁的。”“……等到有一天，你们感到我们不再适合你们的要求了，粉碎我们就是，但是在那以前，请协助我们前进。”这一切都是公开说的。
The passages which touched the crowd most deeply were collected and noted down. "--Our doctrines are trammelled, our proclamations torn, our bill-stickers are spied upon and thrown into prison."--"The breakdown which has recently taken place in cottons has converted to us many mediums."--"The future of nations is being worked out in our obscure ranks."--" Here are the fixed terms: action or reaction, revolution or counter-revolution. For, at our epoch, we no longer believe either in inertia or in immobility. For the people against the people, that is the question. There is no other."--"On the day when we cease to suit you, break us, but up to that day, help us to march on." All this in broad daylight.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:00
.
Other deeds, more audacious still, were suspicious in the eyes of the people by reason of their very audacity. On the 4th of April, 1832, a passer-by mounted the post on the corner which forms the angle of the Rue Sainte-Marguerite and shouted: "I am a Babouvist!" But beneath Babeuf, the people scented Gisquet.
①吉斯凯（Gisquet），七月王朝时期大金融家，一八三一年曾任警署署长。
那个人还说了许多话，其中有这么一段：
“打倒私有财产！左派的反对是无耻的，口是心非的。当他们要显示自己正确的时候，他们便宣传革命。可是，为了不失败，他们又自称是民主派，为了不战斗，他们又自称是保王派。共和主义者是一些生着羽毛的动物。你们得对共和主义者提高警惕，劳动的公民们。”
Among other things, this man said: --
"Down with property! The opposition of the left is cowardly and treacherous. When it wants to be on the right side, it preaches revolution, it is democratic in order to escape being beaten, and royalist so that it may not have to fight. The republicans are beasts with feathers. Distrust the republicans, citizens of the laboring classes."
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:00
.
"Silence, citizen spy!" cried an artisan.
“闭嘴，当暗探的公民！”一个工人这样喊。
This shout put an end to the discourse. 这一声喊便堵住了那篇演说。
Mysterious incidents occurred. 还发生过一些费解的事。
天快黑时，一个工人在运河附近遇见一个“穿得漂漂亮亮的人”对他说：“你去什么地方，公民？”那工人回答说：“我没有认识您的荣幸。”“我却认识你，我。”那人接着还说：“你不用怕。我是委员会的工作人员。他们怀疑你不怎么可靠。你知道，要是你走漏消急，人家的眼睛便盯在你身上。”接着，他和那工人握了一下手，临走时还说：“我们不久再见。” At nightfall, a workingman encountered near the canal a "very well dressed man," who said to him: "Whither are you bound, citizen?" "Sir," replied the workingman, "I have not the honor of your acquaintance." "I know you very well, however." And the man added: "Don't be alarmed, I am an agent of the committee. You are suspected of not being quite faithful. You know that if you reveal anything, there is an eye fixed on you." Then he shook hands with the workingman and went away, saying: "We shall meet again soon."
不止是在那些饮料店里，在街上，伸着耳朵的警察们也听到一些奇怪的对话：
“赶快申请参加。”一个纺织工人对一个细木工说。The police, who were on the alert, collected singular dialogues, not only in the wine-shops, but in the street. "Get yourself received very soon," said a weaver to a cabinet-maker.
“为什么？”"Why?"
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:01
.
“不久就要开火了。” "There is going to be a shot to fire."
两个衣服破烂的人在街上一面走，一面说出了这么几句耐人寻味、富有明显的扎克雷①味道的话：
Two ragged pedestrians exchanged these remarkable replies, fraught with evident Jacquerie:--
“谁统治我们？” "Who governs us?"
“菲力浦先生。” "M. Philippe."
"No, it is the bourgeoisie."“不对，是资产阶级。”
① 扎克雷（Jacquerie），指一二五八年法国的农民起义。
谁要是认为我们在这里提到“扎克雷味道”含有恶意，那他便误会了。扎克雷，指的是穷人。
而挨饿的人都有权利。The Jacques were the poor.
The reader is mistaken if he thinks that we take the word Jacquerie in a bad sense.
另一次，有两个人走过，其中的一个对另一个说：“我们有了一个好的进攻计划。”On another occasion two men were heard to say to each other as they passed by: "We have a good plan of attack."
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:01
.
四个人蹲在宝座便门圆路边的土坑里谈心，旁人只听到这么一句话：
Only the following was caught of a private conversation between four men who were crouching in a ditch of the circle of the Barriere du Trone:--
"Everything possible will be done to prevent his walking about Paris any more."
“我们应当尽可能让他不再在巴黎蹓跶。”
Who was the he? Menacing obscurity.
谁呀，“他”？吓坏人的闷葫芦。
那些“主要头儿”棗这是郊区的人常用的称号棗不露面。人们认为他们常在圣厄斯塔什突角附近的一家饮料店里开讨论会。一个叫奥古什么的人，蒙德都街缝衣业互助社的首领，被认为是那些头儿和圣安东尼郊区之间的主要联络人。The principal leaders," as they said in the faubourg, held themselves apart. It was supposed that they met for consultation in a wine-shop near the point Saint-Eustache. A certain Aug--, chief of the Society aid for tailors, Rue Mondetour, had the reputation of serving as intermediary central between the leaders and the Faubourg Saint-Antoine.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:01
.
Nevertheless, there was always a great deal of mystery about these leaders, and no certain fact can invalidate the singular arrogance of this reply made later on by a man accused before the Court of Peers:--
但是头儿们的情况始终没有暴露出来，也没有任何一点具体事实能回击一个被告日后在贵族院作出的那句怪傲慢的答词：
“您的首领是什么人？” "Who was your leader?"
"I knew of none and I recognized none."
“我一个也不知道，一个也不认得。”
There was nothing but words, transparent but vague; sometimes idle reports, rumors, hearsay. Other indications cropped up.
这也只不过是一些隐隐闪闪的片言只语，有时，也只是一些道听途说而已。另外还有一些偶然出现的迹象。
一个木工在勒伊街一处房屋建筑工地周围的栅栏上钉木板时，在工地上拾到一封被撕破的信的一个片段，从那上面还可以看出这样几行字：
A carpenter, occupied in nailing boards to a fence around the ground on which a house was in process of construction, in the Rue de Reuilly found on that plot the torn fragment of a letter on which were still legible the following lines:--
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:01
.
“……委员会应立即采取措施，为防止各种不同的社团在各组征调人员……”
The committee must take measures to prevent recruiting in the sections for the different societies.
And, as a postscript:--另有附言：
“据我们了解，在郊区鱼市街附五号，一个武器商人家的院子里有五千或六千支步枪。本组毫无武器。”
We have learned that there are guns in the Rue du Faubourg-Poissonniere, No. 5 [bis], to the number of five or six thousand, in the house of a gunsmith in that court. The section owns no arms.
What excited the carpenter and caused him to show this thing to his neighbors was the fact, that a few paces further on he picked up another paper, torn like the first, and still more significant, of which we reproduce a facsimile, because of the historical interest attaching to these strange documents:--
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:01
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使那木工惊奇并把这东西递给他的伙伴们看的是，在相隔几步的地方，他又拾到另外一张纸，同样是撕破了的，但更有意义，这种奇特的材料具有历史价值，因此我们照原样把它抄录下来：
+------------------------------------------------------------+ | Q | C | D | E | Learn this list by heart. After so doing | | | | | | you will tear it up. The men admitted | | | | | | will do the same when you have transmitted | | | | | | their orders to them. | | | | | | Health and Fraternity, | | | | | | u og a fe L. | +------------------------------------------------------------+
QCDE 请将本表内容背熟记牢。随后加
以撕毁。已被接纳人员，在接受了你
们所传达的指示以后，也应同样办理。
敬礼和博爱。
It was only later on that the persons who were in the secret of this find at the time, learned the significance of those four capital letters: quinturions, centurions, decurions, eclaireurs [scouts], and the sense of the letters: u og a fe, which was a date, and meant April 15th, 1832. Under each capital letter were inscribed names followed by very characteristic notes. Thus: Q. Bannerel. 8 guns, 83 cartridges. A safe man.--C. Boubiere. 1 pistol, 40 cartridges.--D. Rollet. 1 foil, 1 pistol, 1 pound of powder.-- E. Tessier. 1 sword, 1 cartridge-box. Exact.--Terreur. 8 guns. Brave, etc.
Finally, this carpenter found, still in the same enclosure, a third paper on which was written in pencil, but very legibly, this sort of enigmatical list:--
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:02
.
Unite: Blanchard: Arbre-Sec. 6. Barra. Soize. Salle-au-Comte. Kosciusko. Aubry the Butcher? J. J. R. Caius Gracchus. Right of revision. Dufond. Four. Fall of the Girondists. Derbac. Maubuee. Washington. Pinson. 1 pistol, 86 cartridges. Marseillaise. Sovereignty of the people. Michel. Quincampoix. Sword. Hoche. Marceau. Plato. Arbre-Sec. Warsaw. Tilly, crier of the Populaire.
The honest bourgeois into whose hands this list fell knew its significance. It appears that this list was the complete nomenclature of the sections of the fourth arondissement of the Society of the Rights of Man, with the names and dwellings of the chiefs of sections. To-day, when all these facts which were obscure are nothing more than history, we may publish them. It should be added, that the foundation of the Society of the Rights of Man seems to have been posterior to the date when this paper was found. Perhaps this was only a rough draft.
Still, according to all the remarks and the words, according to written notes, material facts begin to make their appearance.
In the Rue Popincourt, in the house of a dealer in bric-abrac, there were seized seven sheets of gray paper, all folded alike lengthwise and in four; these sheets enclosed twenty-six squares of this same gray paper folded in the form of a cartridge, and a card, on which was written the following: --
Saltpetre . . . . . . . . . . . 12 ounces. Sulphur . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ounces. Charcoal . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ounces and a half. Water . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ounces.
The report of the seizure stated that the drawer exhaled a strong smell of powder.
A mason returning from his day's work, left behind him a little package on a bench near the bridge of Austerlitz. This package was taken to the police station. It was opened, and in it were found two printed dialogues, signed Lahautiere, a song entitled: "Workmen, band together," and a tin box full of cartridges.
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:02
.
那个保存这张单子的诚实的市民知道它的含义。据说这单子上是人权社第四区各组组长的姓名住址的全部登记。所有这些被埋没了的事到今天已成历史，我们不妨把它公开出来。还应当补充一点，人权社的成立似乎是在发现这张单子的日期以后。这也许只是一个初步名单。
可是，在那些片言只语和道听途说以后，在那些纸上的一鳞半爪以后，又有一些具体事实开始冒出头来。
波邦古街，在一个旧货商人的铺子里，人们从一张抽斗柜的一个抽斗里搜出了七张一式一样从长里一折四的灰色纸，这几张纸下面还有二十六张用同样的灰色纸裁成的四方块，并且卷成了枪弹筒的形状，另外还有一张硬纸片，上面写着：
硝 十二英两
硫磺 二英两
炭 二英两半
水 二英两
搜查报告还证明抽斗里有强烈的火药味。
One artisan drinking with a comrade made the latter feel him to see how warm he was; the other man felt a pistol under his waistcoat.
In a ditch on the boulevard, between Pere-Lachaise and the Barriere du Trone, at the most deserted spot, some children, while playing, discovered beneath a mass of shavings and refuse bits of wood, a bag containing a bullet-mould, a wooden punch for the preparation of cartridges, a wooden bowl, in which there were grains of hunting-powder, and a little cast-iron pot whose interior presented evident traces of melted lead.
一群孩子在拉雪兹神甫公墓和宝座便门之间、那段行人最少的公路旁的坑里游戏，他们从一堆刨花和垃圾下找出了一个布口袋，袋里盛着一个做枪弹的模子，一根做枪弹筒的木棍，一个还剩有一些猎枪火药的瓢和一个生铁锅，锅里留有明显的熔铅痕迹。
Police agents, making their way suddenly and unexpectedly at five o'clock in the morning, into the dwelling of a certain Pardon, who was afterwards a member of the Barricade-Merry section and got himself killed in the insurrection of April, 1834, found him standing near his bed, and holding in his hand some cartridges which he was in the act of preparing.
几个警务人员在早晨五点钟突然冲进一个叫帕尔东的人的家里，发现他正立在床边，手里拿着几个枪弹筒在做。这人便是日后参加美里街垒的一员，一八三四年四月起义时牺牲了的。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:03
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快到工人们休息时，有人看见两个人在比克布斯便门和夏朗东便门之间，在两堵墙间的一条巡逻小道旁的一家大门前、有一套暹罗游戏的饮料店附近碰头。一个从工作服下取出一支手枪，把它交给另一个。正要给他时，他发现胸口上的汗水把火药浸潮了一点。他重新上那支手枪，在药池里原有的火药上添上一些火药。随后，那两个人便分头走开了。
Towards the hour when workingmen repose, two men were seen to meet between the Barriere Picpus and the Barriere Charenton in a little lane between two walls, near a wine-shop, in front of which there was a "Jeu de Siam."[33] One drew a pistol from beneath his blouse and handed it to the other. As he was handing it to him, he noticed that the perspiration of his chest had made the powder damp. He primed the pistol and added more powder to what was already in the pan. Then the two men parted.
[33] A game of ninepins, in which one side of the ball is smaller than the other, so that it does not roll straight, but describes a curve on the ground.
A certain Gallais, afterwards killed in the Rue Beaubourg in the affair of April, boasted of having in his house seven hundred cartridges and twenty-four flints.
一个名叫加雷、日后四月事件发生那天在博布尔街被杀的人，常夸口说在他家里有七百发子弹和二十四颗火石。
. 作者: 小小诗鬼 时间: 2007-12-16 23:03
.
政府在某天得到通知说最近有人向郊区散发了一些武器和二十万发枪弹。一星期过后，又散发了枪弹三万发。值得注意的是，警察一点也没有破获。日子已经不远了。”
The government one day received a warning that arms and two hundred thousand cartridges had just been distributed in the faubourg. On the following week thirty thousand cartridges were distributed. The remarkable point about it was, that the police were not able to seize a single one.
一封被截留的信里说：“八万爱国志士在四个钟头以内一齐拿起武器的
An intercepted letter read: "The day is not far distant when, within four hours by the clock, eighty thousand patriots will be under arms."
All this fermentation was public, one might almost say tranquil.The approaching insurrection was preparing its storm calmly in the face of the government.No singularity was lacking to this still subterranean crisis, which was already perceptible. The bourgeois talked peaceably to the working-classes of what was in preparation. They said: "How is the rising coming along?" in the same tone in which they would have said: "How is your wife?"
所有这些酝酿活动全是公开的，几乎可以说是安然无事的。即将发作的暴动从容不迫地在政府面前准备它的风雷。这种仍在暗中进行、但已隐约可见的危机可说是无奇不有。资产阶级泰然自若地和工人们谈论着正在准备中的事。人们问道：“暴动进行得怎么样了？”问这话的语气正如问：“您的女人身体健康吧？”
